Publishing Institution:

Clingendael Netherlands Institute of International Relations

Clingendael - the Netherlands Institute of International Relations - is an independent think tank and academy on international affairs, based in The Hague. Through our analyses, training and public debate we aim to inspire and equip governments, businesses, and civil society in order to contribute to a secure, sustainable and just world. Ranked #25 in the world and #10 in Western Europe.
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Resources:

• August 31, 2023 The New Iraqi Opposition: The anti-establishment movement after the 2021 elections
  By: Marsin Alshamary
• August 30, 2023 Promoting diaspora investment in fragile settings: The case of Somalia
  By: Guido Lanfranchi
• August 23, 2023 Digital Dichotomy: Opportunities and Challenges of Digitalization in Fragile Settings
  By: Moneera Yassien
• August 17, 2023 Little substance, considerable impact Russian influence in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro
  By: Wouter Zweers, Niels Drost
• July 28, 2023 Unravelling Turkish involvement in the Sahel: Geopolitics and local impact
  By: Andrew Lebovich, Nienke van Heukelingen
• July 26, 2023 The war in Ukraine: Adapting the EU’s security and defence policy
  By: Dick Zandee, Adaja Stoetman
• July 26, 2023 Time to change track Assessing the UN’s conflict mediation strategy for Syria from 2019 to 2023
  By: Malik al-Abdeh, Lars Hauch
• May 25, 2023 Power and potential: The economics of Egyptian construction and ICT
  By: Matteo Colombo
• May 10, 2023 Twilight Institutions: Land conflict and hybrid authorities in Benin’s Borgou department
  By: Kars de Bruijne
• April 26, 2023 The Multiannual Financial Framework: The search for flexibility and recognised effectiveness
  By: Adriaan Schout, Saskia Hollander
• April 19, 2023 The crisis of representation in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
  By: Erwin van Veen
• April 17, 2023 Sahel: Why stabilization efforts should address internal displacement
  By: Ekaterina Golovko
• March 30, 2023 The EU in the South Caucasus: Navigating a geopolitical labyrinth in turmoil
  By: Bob Deen, Wouter Zweers
• March 28, 2023 Countering hybrid threats: The role of the Joint Expeditionary Force
  By: Adaja Stoetman, Dick Zandee
• March 08, 2023 Protests in Iran in comparative perspective: A revolutionary state in trouble
  By: Erwin van Veen, Hamidreza Azizi
• March 06, 2023 Trading short-term gains for long-term costs: the Egyptian political economy under al-Sisi
  By: Matteo Colombo
• February 28, 2023 Al-Sudani’s first 100 days – Or how to keep everyone happy
  By: Erwin van Veen
• February 27, 2023 Getting global development back on track: Focus and start at home
  By: Erwin van Veen
• January 13, 2023 The state of economic convergence in the Eurozone: Two decades of monetary union and economic governance
  By: Adriaan Schout
• January 11, 2023 Shades of grey: The evolving links between the Houthi and Iran
  By: Mona Saif
• January 10, 2023 How strategic tech cooperation can reinvigorate relations between the EU and India
  By: Vera Kranenburg, Maaike Okano-Heijmans
• January 09, 2023 Open strategic autonomy: The digital dimension
  By: Maaike Okano-Heijmans
• January 09, 2023 Military capabilities affected by climate change: An analysis of China, Russia and the United States
  By: Adaja Stoetman, Dick Zandee, Ties Dams, Niels Drost, Louise Van Schaik
• December 09, 2022 Open strategic autonomy in European defence: what countries must do
  By: Dick Zandee
• December 06, 2022 The instrumentalization of migration: A geopolitical perspective and toolbox
  By: Monika Sie Dhian Ho, Myrthe Wijnkoop
• December 01, 2022 Policing the police: The EU’s struggle to strengthen the Libyan security sector
  By: Matteo Colombo, Nienke van Heukelingen
• December 01, 2022 Realising the EU Hybrid Toolbox: opportunities and pitfalls
  By: Kenneth Lasoen
• November 30, 2022 Conflict in the Penta-Border Area: Benin’s Northern Jihad from the perspective of its neighbours
  By: Kars de Bruijne
• November 01, 2022 Navigating an uncertain future: An exploration of China’s influence on the Netherlands’ future maritime logistics hub function
  By: Frans-Paul van der Putten, Xiaoxue Martin
• October 18, 2022 The 2022 Israeli elections: Change, but no change
  By: Erwin van Veen
• October 10, 2022 France and visa liberalisation for Kosovo: Ready to move forward?
  By: Wouter Zweers
• October 03, 2022 How to ‘open’ Strategic Autonomy
  By: Luuk Molthof, Luc Köbben
• October 01, 2022 Realising the EU Rapid Deployment Capacity: opportunities and pitfalls
  By: Dick Zandee, Adaja Stoetman
• September 30, 2022 Fair Energy Transition for All: Final Recommendations National Report of the Netherlands
  By: Louise Van Schaik, René Cuperus, Paul Hofhuis
• September 30, 2022 Walking the tightrope towards the EU: Moldova’s vulnerabilities amid war in Ukraine
  By: Bob Deen, Wouter Zweers
• August 11, 2022 The Dutch position on Kosovo’s visa liberalisation process: Light at the end of the tunnel?
  By: Wouter Zweers
• July 20, 2022 The West’s struggle in Sudan: Standing with the people while being stuck with the coup regime
  By: Anette Hoffmann
• July 20, 2022 Lost in transition: The Muslim Brotherhood in 2022
  By: Matteo Colombo
• July 01, 2022 A new conflict management strategy for Syria: Creating a Safe, Calm and Neutral Environment
  By: Malik al-Abdeh, Lars Hauch
• June 16, 2022 The Russians are coming! The Russians are coming? Russia’s growing presence in Africa and its implication for European policy
  By: Guido Lanfranchi, Kars de Bruijne
• June 13, 2022 Europe Cannot Wait for Unity
  By: Ties Dams, Giulia Cretti, Louise Van Schaik
• May 17, 2022 A stubborn threat: Islamic State in Iraq in early 2022
  By: Nancy Ezzeddine, Matteo Colombo
• May 11, 2022 Turkey’s interventions in its near abroad: The case of northern Cyprus
  By: Engin Yüksel
• April 11, 2022 Investors beware: Europe’s top firms are highly exposed to China
  By: Ties Dams, Xiaoxue Martin
• April 05, 2022 Overcoming EU internal dividing lines in the Belgrade-Pristina dialogue
  By: Wouter Zweers
• April 04, 2022 Harnessing EU-Kenya renewable energy relations for a bright future
  By: Akash Ramnath, Louise Van Schaik
• April 04, 2022 Forging European Unity on China: The Case of Hungarian Dissent
  By: Ties Dams
• March 29, 2022 All eyes on Ankara: A scenario exercise focused on the 2023 elections
  By: Nienke van Heukelingen
• March 15, 2022 Turkish interventions in its near abroad: The case of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
  By: Erwin van Veen, Engin Yüksel
• March 12, 2022 A new formula for collaboration: Turkey, the EU & North Africa
  By: Nienke van Heukelingen
• March 10, 2022 Big brother is watching: Evolving relations between Iran and the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
  By: Kamal Chomani
• February 18, 2022 Growing stronger together: Towards an EU–ASEAN digital partnership?
  By: Maaike Okano-Heijmans, Brigitte Dekker
• February 14, 2022 Phoenix or Icarus? European strategic autonomy in light of Ukraine
  By: Erwin van Veen
• January 31, 2022 Politicking in Doha: But will the Syrian opposition shift to more pragmatic diplomacy?
  By: Malik al-Abdeh, Lars Hauch
• January 19, 2022 Beyond Turkey’s ‘zero problems’ policy Motives, means and impact of the interventions in Syria, Libya and the South Caucasus
  By: Nienke van Heukelingen, Bob Deen
• January 18, 2022 The geopolitics of digital financial technologies: A chance for Europe?
  By: Brigitte Dekker, Arief Hühn, Pim Korsten, Maaike Okano-Heijmans
• January 01, 2022 The Saudi-Emirati axis and the preservation of regional order
  By: Gertjan Hoetjes
• December 23, 2021 ‘If you want to go far, go together’ Community engagement and infrastructure development in fragile settings
  By: Guido Lanfranchi
• December 15, 2021 Turning EU green energy diplomacy into reality
  By: Louise Van Schaik, Akash Ramnath, Giulia Cretti
• November 25, 2021 Unpacking open strategic autonomy: From concept to practice
  By: Luuk Molthof, Dick Zandee, Giulia Cretti
• November 22, 2021 Covid-19 prompts the EU and the Netherlands to rethink global health
  By: Louise Van Schaik, Remco van de Pas
• November 17, 2021 Costing Conflict: An early warning method to assess the impact of political violence on vital security interests
  By: Kars de Bruijne
• November 11, 2021 From indices to insight: A proposal to enhance the risk assessment of the Dutch Early Warning/Early Action process
  By: Bob Deen, Adaja Stoetman, Kars de Bruijne
• November 05, 2021 Military coup betrays Sudan’s revolution: Scenarios to regain the path towards full civilian rule
  By: Anette Hoffman
• October 20, 2021 European defence: Specialisation by capability groups
  By: Dick Zandee
• October 20, 2021 The RRF as administrative subsidiarity
  By: Adriaan Schout
• September 16, 2021 Turkey’s interventions in its near abroad: The case of Libya
  By: Engin Yüksel
• September 06, 2021 Turkey’s interventions in its near abroad: The case of Idlib
  By: Erwin van Veen
• August 19, 2021 Exploring avenues in the EU’s rule of law crisis: What role for the Netherlands?
  By: Luuk Molthof, Nienke van Heukelingen, Giulia Cretti
• August 09, 2021 An Ever Closer Union? Ramifications of further integration between Belarus and Russia
  By: Bob Deen, Sam Roggeveen, Wouter Zweers
• August 06, 2021 ‘Of Cattle and Conflict’ – Rethinking responses to pastoralism-related conflicts
  By: Jos Meester
• July 28, 2021 Fruitless cherry picking?: EU engagement with the Syrian opposition (Etilaf)
  By: Lars Hauch
• July 26, 2021 The Green Agenda: Providing Policy Brief breathing space for Western Balkans citizens?
  By: Paul Hofhuis, Wouter Zweers, Giulia Cretti, Srdja Popovic
• July 01, 2021 Stepping up the greenification Policy Brief of the power sector in the Western Balkans
  By: Luuk Molthof, Giulia Cretti, Aleksandar Macura
• June 24, 2021 ‘A careful foot can step anywhere’: The UAE and China in the Horn of Africa: Implications for EU engagement
  By: Jos Meester, Guido Lanfranchi
• May 31, 2021 The EU’s Strategic Compass for security and defence: Squaring ambition with reality
  By: Dick Zandee, Adaja Stoetman, Bob Deen
• May 27, 2021 Energising EU enlargement? The prospects of the Green Agenda for the Western Balkans
  By: Wouter Zweers, Giulia Cretti, Kristina Naunova
• May 27, 2021 Trapped in a vicious cycle: Factors of instability in the Nineveh Plains
  By: Nancy Ezzeddine
• May 17, 2021 Financial disruption and fragile markets: A political-economic perspective on SMEs in the Somali private sector under COVID-19
  By: Jos Meester, Johannes Claes, Claire Elder, Guido Lanfranchi
• April 29, 2021 Towards open and secure digital connectivity: Europe’s and Taiwan’s paths after the world’s first digital pandemic
  By: Brigitte Dekker, Xiaoxue Martin, Maaike Okano-Heijmans
• April 20, 2021 Towards a Better Understanding of Climate Security Practices
  By: Tobias von Lossow, Louise Van Schaik, Jos Meester, Anouk Schrijver, Maxime van der Kroon
• April 19, 2021 Henchman, Rebel, Democrat, Terrorist: The YPG/PYD during the Syrian conflict
  By: Erwin van Veen
• April 19, 2021 Fostering digital connectivity in and with the Indo-Pacific
  By: Brigitte Dekker, Maaike Okano-Heijmans
• February 23, 2021 A Transition at Work? The ethnicization of Ethiopia’s informal sector
  By: Jos Meester, Nancy Ezzeddine
• February 22, 2021 Between hope and despair: Pastoralist adaptation in Burkina Faso
  By: Kars de Bruijne, Fransje Molenaar
• February 19, 2021 Whose Long Arm? Challenges to Understanding Turkish Diaspora Politics
  By: Christopher Houtkamp, Kars de Bruijne
• February 08, 2021 ‘Designed in Ethiopia’ and ‘Made in China’: Sino-Ethiopian technology collaboration in South-South relations
  By: Jos Meester
• February 03, 2021 A new momentum for EU-Turkey cooperation on migration
  By: Nienke van Heukelingen
• February 03, 2021 Band-aids, not bullets: EU policies and interventions in the Syrian and Iraqi civil wars
  By: Erwin van Veen, Nancy Ezzeddine
• January 25, 2021 Turkey’s love-in with Qatar: A marriage of convenience
  By: Engin Yüksel
• January 15, 2021 The Eastern Partnership: Three dilemmas in a time of troubles
  By: Bob Deen, Wouter Zweers
• December 22, 2020 Iraq and Lebanon’s tortuous paths to reform
  By: Nancy Ezzeddine
• December 22, 2020 Dealing with China on high-tech issues Views from the US, EU and like-minded countries in a changing geopolitical landscape
  By: Brigitte Dekker, Maaike Okano-Heijmans
• December 22, 2020 China and geopolitical considerations for investment screening in the Netherlands
  By: Brigitte Dekker, Frans-Paul van der Putten, Xiaoxue Martin
• December 09, 2020 Navigating the Regional Chessboard: Europe’s Options to Address Conflicts in the Mena Region
  By: Erwin van Veen
• December 09, 2020 Kosovo’s NATO future: How to Square the Circle?
  By: Visar Xhambazi
• November 30, 2020 Towards mutually beneficial CRU Policy Brief EU-West African migration cooperation? Assessing EU policy trends and their implications for migration cooperation
  By: Johannes Claes, Leonie Jegen, Omar N. Cham
• November 02, 2020 Europeanising health policy in times of coronationalism
  By: Louise Van Schaik, Remco van de Pas
• October 27, 2020 The Russia policy conundrum: Who blinks first?
  By: Hugo Klijn
• October 21, 2020 Europe’s Digital Decade? Navigating the global battle for digital supremacy
  By: Brigitte Dekker, Maaike Okano-Heijmans
• October 21, 2020 Four scenarios for electoral violence: Policy Brief the 2020 Ivorian Presidential and Parliamentary elections
  By: Kars de Bruijne
• October 19, 2020 Coming out and breaking out: The US, Iran and Europe go nuclear
  By: Erwin van Veen
• October 05, 2020 When the dust settles: Economic and governance repercussions of migration policies in Niger’s north
  By: Johannes Claes, Anna Schmauder
• September 21, 2020 The destructive effects of state capture in the Western Balkans: EU enlargement undermined
  By: Wouter Zweers
• September 14, 2020 From legal to administrative subsidiarity: Diagnosing enforcement of EU border control
  By: Adriaan Schout, Ingrid Blankesteijn
• September 09, 2020 Waiting for blowback: The Kurdish question and Turkey’s new regional militarism
  By: Engin Yüksel
• August 31, 2020 China and the EU in the Western Balkans: A zero-sum game?
  By: Wouter Zweers, Frans-Paul van der Putten
• August 31, 2020 China and the EU in the Western Balkans: A zero-sum game?
  By: Wouter Zweers, Vladimir Shopov, Frans-Paul van der Putten, Mirela Petkova, Maarten Lemstra
• August 13, 2020 Mixing politics and force: Syria’s Constitutional Committee in review
  By: Lars Hauch
• August 06, 2020 Together or Alone? Policy Brief The need for increased Albanian-Dutch cooperation to fight transnational organised crime
  By: Alban Dafa, Wouter Zweers
• July 15, 2020 The European Commission on the Policy Brief brink of a green recovery Will it be able to deliver?
  By: Paul Hofhuis
• July 10, 2020 When pandemic meets poverty: Pandemonium for pastoralists in the Sahel
  By: Loïc Bisson
• July 07, 2020 COVID-19 Impact on the Policy Brief Value Chain in Latin America
  By: Karolien van Teijlingen, Barbara Hogenboom
• July 02, 2020 Declining media freedom and biased reporting on foreign actors in Serbia: Prospects for an enhanced EU approach
  By: Dragana Bajić, Wouter Zweers
• June 29, 2020 Improving decentralised natural resource management in the Sahel: The case of the Sourou river plain in Mali
  By: Fransje Molenaar
• June 22, 2020 COVID-19 Impact on West African Value Chains
  By: Loïc Bisson
• June 15, 2020 Iraq’s adolescent democracy: Where to go from here
  By: Hamzeh al-Shadeedi, Erwin van Veen
• June 09, 2020 Decentralisation amidst hybrid governance: The case of northern Mali
  By: Anna Schmauder
• June 05, 2020 Beyond UN Security Council action: Treating Idlib as protracted crisis
  By: Erwin van Veen
• June 02, 2020 What EU Member States can Policy Brief learn from Kosovo’s experience in repatriating former foreign fighters and their families
  By: Julie Coleman
• May 28, 2020 Pandora’s Box in Syria: Anticipating negative externalities of a re-entrenching regime
  By: Samar Batrawi
• May 27, 2020 Globalization Paradox and the Coronavirus Pandemic
  By: Remco van de Pas
• April 30, 2020 Pandemic or pandemonium? Covid-19 and conflict in the Middle East
  By: Engin Yüksel, Nancy Ezzeddine, Rena Netjes, Beatrice Noun, Erwin van Veen
• March 16, 2020 Making Peace with Climate Adaptation
  By: Louise Van Schaik, Camilla Born, Elizabeth Sellwood, Sophie de Bruin
• March 09, 2020 In search of a European Russia strategy
  By: Tony van der Togt
• October 01, 2019 The Warning Signs are Flashing Red: The interplay between climate change and violent extremism in the Western Sahel
  By: Tom Middendorp, Reinier Bergema
• September 30, 2019 The Status Quo Defied: The legitimacy of traditional authorities in areas of limited statehood in Mali, Niger and Libya
  By: Fransje Molenaar, Jonathan Tossell, Anna Schmauder, Rida Lyammouri
• September 25, 2019 Are the Dutch really going green? Policy Brief Climate politics in the Low Lands (part two)
  By: Paul Hofhuis
• August 12, 2019 The US–China trade–tech stand-off and the need for EU action on export control
  By: Brigitte Dekker, Maaike Okano-Heijmans
• July 11, 2019 How to strengthen Europe’s Policy Brief agenda on digital connectivity
  By: Maaike Okano-Heijmans
• June 26, 2019 Incoherent Agendas: Do European Union migration policies threaten regional integration in West Africa?
  By: Ana Uzelac
• June 04, 2019 Turkey in northwestern Syria: Rebuilding empire at the margins
  By: Erwin van Veen, Engin Yüksel
• February 18, 2019 Libyan tribes in the shadows of war and peace
  By: Hamzeh al-Shadeedi, Nancy Ezzeddine
• February 18, 2019 Climate Security: Making it #Doable
  By: Dan Smith, Malin Mobjörk, Florian Krampe, Karolina Eklöw
• February 14, 2019 Stormclouds and Solutions: Anticipating and Preparing for Climate Change and Security Risks in the Caribbean
  By: Shiloh Fetzek, Oliver Leighton-Barrett
• February 12, 2019 Progress on implementing the Briefing note Hague Declaration on Climate and Security
  By: Susanne Wolfmaier, Janani Vivekananda
• January 17, 2019 Assessing China’s Influence in Europe through Investments in Technology and Infrastructure. Four Cases.
  By: Frans-Paul van der Putten
• January 15, 2019 Eagles riding the storm of war: The role of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party
  By: Nick Grinstead, Christopher Solomon, Jesse McDonald
• December 18, 2018 A United Nations with Chinese characteristics?
  By: Maaike Okano-Heijmans, Frans-Paul van der Putten, Louise Van Schaik
• December 12, 2018 Caught in the middle: A human rights and peace-building approach to migration governance in the Sahel
  By: Fransje Molenaar, Jérôme Tubiana, Clotilde Warin
• December 07, 2018 Dealing with tools of political (dis)order: Coercive organisations in the Levant
  By: Erwin van Veen, Feike Fliervoet
• December 03, 2018 Rising Tensions Between Policy Brief the West and Russia: What Role For Arms Control?
  By: Peter van Ham
• November 22, 2018 From soldiers to politicians? Iraq’s Al-Hashd Al-Sha’abi ‘on the march’
  By: Nancy Ezzeddine, Erwin van Veen
• October 16, 2018 Connectivity Between Asia and Europe: ASEM Connectivity Inventory
  By: Maaike Okano-Heijmans, Wouter Zweers, Brigitte Dekker
• September 17, 2018 Four ways in which the Syrian CRU Policy Brief regime controls refugee return
  By: Samar Batrawi, Ana Uzelac
• September 06, 2018 Multilateral Damage: The impact of EU migration policies on central Saharan routes
  By: Jérôme Tubiana, Clotilde Warin, Gaffar Mohammud Saeneen
• September 06, 2018 Innovation in EU migration policy: towards a truly comprehensive approach to migration
  By: Willemijn Tiekstra, Wouter Zweers
• September 01, 2018 Modernizing conventional arms control in the Euro-Atlantic region
  By: Peter van Ham
• September 01, 2018 Take a different look at the neighbours
  By: Luuk van Middelaar, Monika Sie Dhian Ho
• September 01, 2018 Four ways in which the Syrian regime controls refugee return
  By: Samar Batrawi, Ana Uzelac
• September 01, 2018 Multilateral Damage The impact of EU migration policies on central Saharan routes
  By: Jérôme Tubiana, Clotilde Warin, Gaffar Mohammud Saeneen
• September 01, 2018 Innovation in EU migration policy: towards a truly comprehensive approach to migration
  By: Willemijn Tiekstra, Wouter Zweers
• August 08, 2018 European strategic autonomy: Policy Brief Going it alone?
  By: Margriet Drent
• August 01, 2018 Political Warfare by Russia
  By: Kars de Bruijne(ed.)
• August 01, 2018 European strategic autonomy: Going it alone?
  By: Margriet Drent
• August 01, 2018 Promoting Sustainable Connectivity in the Balkans and Black Sea Region
  By: Maaike Okano-Heijmans
• August 01, 2018 Is there protection in the region? Leveraging funds and political capital in Lebanon’s refugee crisis
  By: Ana Uzelac, Jos Meester
• July 30, 2018 Is there protection in the region? Leveraging funds and political capital in Lebanon’s refugee crisis
  By: Ana Uzelac, Jos Meester
• July 23, 2018 Under the gun: Resource conflicts and embattled traditional authorities in Central Mali
  By: Anca-Elena Ursu
• July 13, 2018 In the eye of the storm? (In)stability in Western Iraqi Kurdistan
  By: Erwin van Veen, Hamzeh al-Shadeedi
• July 10, 2018 More than infrastructures: Policy Brief water challenges in Iraq
  By: Tobias von Lossow
• June 25, 2018 Reducing Nuclear Weapons Risks: A Menu of 11 Policy Options
  By: Sico van der Meer
• May 28, 2018 Making cities in conflict areas more resilient
  By: Stephan Slingerland, Michel Rademaker, Karlijn Jans, Paul Verhagen, Aster Boeschoten, Hannes Rõõs
• April 27, 2018 Energy as a tool of foreign policy of authoritarian states, in particular Russia
  By: Rem Korteweg
• January 01, 2018 Clingendael State of the Union 2018: towards better European integration
  By: Margriet Drent
• January 01, 2017 Green growth and energy security Fossil-endowed middle-income countries at a crossroads
  By: Louise Schaik Van, Louise Van Schaik
• December 19, 2016 FROM EU STRATEGY TO DEFENCE SERIES New kid on the block The European Commission and European defence
  By: Dick Zandee
• December 01, 2016 Medium-sized states in inter- national cyber security policies
  By: Sico Van Der meer
• November 28, 2016 FROM EU STRATEGY TO DEFENCE SERIES EU Strategy and European Defence What Level of Ambition?
  By: Luis Simon
• November 26, 2016 Promoting green growth in Colombia: A post-conflict opportunity?
  By: Louise Van Schaik
• November 26, 2016 European defence core groups
  By: Margriet Drent, Anne Bakker, Dick Zandee
• November 25, 2016 Kenya: A green growth utopia?
  By: Ries Kamphof
• November 09, 2016 EU trade diplomacy and the cold peace in cross-Strait relations
  By: Maaike Okano-Heijmans
• October 28, 2016 Defence industrial policy in Belgium and the Netherlands
  By: Dick Zandee