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7762. The Sources of China’s Innovativeness: Why China’s “Unstoppable” Innovation Powerhouse Might Falter
- Author:
- Tim Rühlig
- Publication Date:
- 10-2023
- Content Type:
- Commentary and Analysis
- Institution:
- German Council on Foreign Relations (DGAP)
- Abstract:
- Western governments appear to fear that China is an innovation powerhouse on an almost unstoppable path to dominating future technologies. This is quite a turnaround. Only a few years ago, Western policies were crafted on the assumption that China was a copycat incapable of innovation. A focus on Intellectual Property theft as the Chinese “sin” that drove China’s technological development led many in the West to miss what I have identified as the “Five Virtues” that have made China the innovation powerhouse it is today. China’s future success is not inevitable, however, but dependent on a delicate policy ecosystem.
- Topic:
- Science and Technology, Intellectual Property/Copyright, Innovation, and Geoeconomics
- Political Geography:
- China and Asia
7763. Preparing for a Longer War: Is a Ceasefire between Ukraine and Russia possible by 2024?
- Author:
- Stefan Meister, András Rácz, and Judith Heckenthaler
- Publication Date:
- 12-2023
- Content Type:
- Commentary and Analysis
- Institution:
- German Council on Foreign Relations (DGAP)
- Abstract:
- Russia’s large-scale invasion of Ukraine has failed and is now a protracted war of attrition. Russia has adapted to this situation and prepared for a longer war. The legitimization of the Putin system is increasingly built around the war. As long as Ukraine has no security guarantees, a ceasefire is not realistic from either side. Therefore, the focus should be on protecting the territory Ukraine controls and defining together with the Western partners how security can be provided and what victory means.
- Topic:
- Security, Vladimir Putin, Ceasefire, Armed Conflict, International Order, and Russia-Ukraine War
- Political Geography:
- Russia, Ukraine, and Eastern Europe
7764. Maui Wildfires: Opportunities and Lessons in Resiliency for the Pacific Region
- Author:
- Perry Arrasmith and Cameron Deptula
- Publication Date:
- 11-2023
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- East-West Center
- Abstract:
- The August 2023 Maui Wildfires wrought catastrophic damage on Maui and revealed a range of tragic vulnerabilities facing the State of Hawai‘i. A few early lessons from Hawai‘i’s experiences provide key insights for communities across the Indo-Pacific and should be harnessed to promote action to mitigate future disasters.
- Topic:
- Climate Change, Environment, Natural Disasters, Resilience, and Wildfires
- Political Geography:
- Asia-Pacific, Hawaii, United States of America, and Maui
7765. China’s South China Sea Overreach Faces Growing Obstacles
- Author:
- Denny Roy
- Publication Date:
- 11-2023
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- East-West Center
- Abstract:
- Even without the mandate of a formal international organization, coalitions of willing governments can coalesce around the task of dissuading China from enforcing invalid South China Sea claims.
- Topic:
- Politics, Territorial Disputes, and Regional Security
- Political Geography:
- China, Asia-Pacific, and South China Sea
7766. Techno-Geopolitics and US Support for India’s Quantum Ambition
- Author:
- Vibhanshu Shekhar
- Publication Date:
- 11-2023
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- East-West Center
- Abstract:
- US support would plug an important gap in India’s quest for quantum tech—access to a robust quantum ecosystem. This access is essential for the development of quantum research and technologies in India.
- Topic:
- Foreign Policy, Science and Technology, Geopolitics, Quantum Computers, and Research and Development
- Political Geography:
- South Asia, India, and United States of America
7767. The Evolution of the Partnership between NATO and Japan
- Author:
- Komei Isozaki
- Publication Date:
- 11-2023
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- East-West Center
- Abstract:
- In signing the ITTP, Japan has made it clear that it will organize, develop, and strengthen its existing relationship with NATO. This step further promotes the practical cooperation that Japan has advanced over the last decade.
- Topic:
- International Relations, Security, NATO, International Cooperation, Partnerships, and Alliance
- Political Geography:
- Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and United States of America
7768. Urban Politics in the Middle East
- Author:
- Mona Harb, Marc Lynch, Jillian Schwedler, Gehad Abaza, and Munqeth Othman
- Publication Date:
- 10-2023
- Content Type:
- Research Paper
- Institution:
- Project on Middle East Political Science (POMEPS)
- Abstract:
- Urban politics has received growing attention in the anthropology, sociology, and political science of the MENA region. In line with global trends, questions of scale, territory, flows and connectivities and materialities have come to the fore, with a wide range of creative and novel lines of inquiry connecting the global to the hyper-local and every scale in between. In February 2023, POMEPS partnered with the Beirut Urban Lab at the American University of Beirut and The Policy Initiative think tank for a workshop in Beirut to bring together an interdisciplinary group of young scholars from across the region to explore questions of urban life, politics, and culture. The papers moved beyond more traditional political science topics such as municipal government, decentralization, clientelistic voting, protests, and clientelism. While those themes certainly operated in the background, the authors assembled in Beirut pushed to shift the lens towards multi-scalar ethnographic modes of inquiry, highlighting the materialities and relationalities of the hyper-local, examining sites and places which concentrate power dynamics.
- Topic:
- Economics, Migration, Politics, Race, Religion, Sectarianism, Culture, Syrian War, Mobility, Urban, Trade, Music, Transportation, Cities, Heritage, Resistance, Labor Market, Domestic Work, and Urbicide
- Political Geography:
- Iraq, Iran, Middle East, Tehran, Baghdad, Algeria, North Africa, Lebanon, Syria, Egypt, Jordan, Tunisia, Beirut, Cairo, Tunis, and Aqaba
7769. Do Interest-growth Differentials Affect Fiscal Policy? Evidence for Advanced Economies
- Author:
- Philipp Heimberger
- Publication Date:
- 10-2023
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies (WIIW)
- Abstract:
- This paper analyses the link between discretionary fiscal policy and interest-growth differentials (r-g). Panel regressions based on a dataset for 20 advanced countries over the years 1990-2019 reveal no evidence of a systematic linear relationship between fiscal policy and r-g. However, more unfavourable r-g differentials are linked more strongly to a tighter fiscal stance when public-debt-to-GDP ratios are higher – but only in the euro area, not in advanced stand-alone countries issuing government debt in their own currency.
- Topic:
- European Union, Economies, Fiscal Policy, Public Debt, OECD, and Fiscal Deficit
- Political Geography:
- Europe
7770. The Labour Market Entry and Integration of Refugees and Other Migrants in Austria
- Author:
- Stefan Jestl and Maryna Tverdostup
- Publication Date:
- 11-2023
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies (WIIW)
- Abstract:
- This paper analyses the labour market entry of refugees and other (non-humanitarian) migrants originating from middle- and low-income non-European countries that arrived in Austria in 2014-2016. Specifically, we analyse factors that shaped the transition to and out of the first job in the Austrian labour market, document the characteristics of the first job and explore job stability in Austria. Even though refugees took longer to find a job, individual and household characteristics, as well as labour market indicators, are associated with the time between arrival and the first job in Austria, similar to other migrants. Refugees and other migrants also found similar job types as their entry jobs, which tended to be located in low-wage segments. The results, however, suggest that other migrants held their first job, on average, for a longer time than refugees. Although other migrants quit their first job relatively quickly when it was marginal employment, refugees tended to hold marginal jobs as long as full-time and part-time jobs. Finally, our results suggest that entry jobs with a higher quality in terms of working hours and wages (i.e. full-time jobs) tended to be linked with job stability, while entry jobs with a lower quality (i.e. marginal jobs) tended to be associated with job instability for both refugees and other migrants. The results of the paper showcase the importance of immediate access to various training and re-education programs for refugees to improve the quality of their entry jobs and their long-term prospects in the Austrian labour market.
- Topic:
- Migration, Refugees, Labor Market, Economic Integration, and Jobs
- Political Geography:
- Europe and Austria