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5412. Global Trends 2010
- Publication Date:
- 12-1997
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
- Abstract:
- In fall 1996, the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and the Institute for National Strategic Studies (INSS) held a series of conferences at National Defense University to identify key global trends and their impact on major regions and countries of the globe. The exercise was designed to help describe and assess major features of the political world as they will appear in the year 2010.
- Topic:
- International Relations
- Political Geography:
- Africa, United States, Europe, Middle East, Asia, and South America
5413. Accountability for Past Abuses
- Author:
- Juan E. Méndez
- Publication Date:
- 09-1996
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Kellogg Institute for International Studies
- Abstract:
- The transitions to democracy in the 1980s have yielded a wealth of experience regarding the way societies reckon with a recent past of massive human rights violations. This paper looks at the most influential literature produced contemporaneously with those experiences and analyzes its current validity in the light of new contexts in which the issue arises. The author places emphasis first and foremost on the duties that the State owes to the victims of human rights violations and to society and then looks at the objective limitations that most transitions place on governments' ability to satisfy demands for truth and justice. These duties are part of an emerging rule of international law that demands that certain crimes should not go unpunished. But the obligations of the State to the victims and to society are varied and not dependent on each other; even if prosecution and punishment are rendered legally or politically impossible, the duties to disclose all that can be established about each violation, to offer reparations, and to dismiss the culprits from the armed and security forces remain fully in force.
- Topic:
- Democratization, Human Rights, Social Movement, Democracy, and Public Policy
- Political Geography:
- Africa, Europe, South America, Central America, and Caribbean
5414. Nigeria: Country Profile
- Publication Date:
- 11-1996
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Africa Policy Information Center
- Abstract:
- Nigeria, Africa's most populous nation, was a pioneer in the movement for African independence. In past centuries, its territory was home to a series of powerful and technically-advanced societies, renowned for their artistic, commercial, and political achievements.
- Topic:
- Democratization, Economics, Ethnic Conflict, Government, Nationalism, and Politics
- Political Geography:
- Africa and Nigeria
5415. Africa on the Internet: Starting Points for Policy Information
- Publication Date:
- 07-1996
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Africa Policy Information Center
- Abstract:
- Electronic networks—and particularly the new tools of e-mail and the World Wide Web (see below for an overview of basic concepts and a glossary with short definitions)—have great potential for enhancing global democratic access to policy-making processes. But de facto access to effective use of these technologies is biased in all the predictable directions: by race, gender, economic status, and location. Africa, to date the least connected continent, is particularly disadvantaged. By cutting the costs of long-distance communication, however, the information revolution is also opening up new possibilities. How well Africa and Africa's friends take advantage of these opportunities will depend at least as much on our collective capacity to learn as on the material resources available to us.
- Topic:
- Science and Technology and Third World
- Political Geography:
- Africa
5416. Thinking Regionally: Priorities for U.S. Policy Toward Africa
- Author:
- Salih Booker
- Publication Date:
- 03-1996
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Africa Policy Information Center
- Abstract:
- Recent Congressional action to significantly cut aid to Africa is only one sign among many of a trend to reduce U.S. involvement on the continent. How much further Africa is marginalized in the U.S. will ultimately depend on the ability of Africa's multiple constituencies to reverse this trend. Nevertheless, events on the continent are likely to compel a greater commitment of resources than U.S. policymakers currently contemplate. And engagement at any level needs to be based on clear identification of U.S. interests in Africa and well-defined criteria for establishing priorities.
- Topic:
- Security, Foreign Policy, Democratization, and Development
- Political Geography:
- Africa and United States
5417. The Democratic Challenge in Africa
- Author:
- Richard Joseph
- Publication Date:
- 05-1994
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The Carter Center
- Abstract:
- On May 13-14, 1994, a group of 32 scholars and practitioners took part in a seminar on Democratization in Africa at The Carter Center. This consultation was a sequel to two similar meetings held in February 1989 and March 1990. Discussion papers from those seminars have been published under the titles, Beyond Autocracy in Africa and African Governance in the 1990s. During the period 1990-94, the African Governance Program of The Carter Center moved from discussions and reflections to active involvement in the complex processes of renewed democratization in several African countries. These developments throughout Africa were also monitored and assessed in the publication, Africa Demos.
- Topic:
- Democratization, Government, and International Cooperation
- Political Geography:
- Africa and North America
5418. Resolving Intra-National Conflicts: A Strengthened Role for Intergovernmental Organizations
- Author:
- Jimmy Carter
- Publication Date:
- 02-1993
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The Carter Center
- Abstract:
- On the following pages, the reader will find a comprehensive summary of the 1993 International Negotiation Network (INN) Consultation, "Resolving Intra-National Conflicts: A Strengthened Role for Intergovernmental Organizations."
- Topic:
- Conflict Resolution, International Cooperation, and United Nations
- Political Geography:
- Africa, Eastern Europe, and Asia
5419. The International Negotiation Network: A New Method of Approaching Some Very Old Problems
- Author:
- Dayle E. Spencer and William J. Spencer
- Publication Date:
- 11-1992
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The Carter Center
- Abstract:
- For several years The Carter Center of Emory University's (CCEU) Conflict Resolution Program has been engaged in developing an International Negotiation Network (INN) to alleviate the tremendous suffering resulting from intranational conflicts. Our efforts have led to the convening of direct negotiation between warring parties engaged in prolonged conflicts. We have been involved in activities advancing free elections and elections monitoring where such efforts have helped to facilitate the peaceful transfer of power in previously conflict-burdened countries. We have been involved in quiet, back-channel linkages of disputing parties and resources available to them. Some of our efforts have received widespread media coverage. However, the vast majority of our work has not been widely known.
- Topic:
- Conflict Resolution and Peace Studies
- Political Geography:
- Africa
5420. Resolving Intra-National Conflicts: A Strengthened Role for Non-Governmental Actors
- Publication Date:
- 01-1992
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The Carter Center
- Abstract:
- This report is a summary of the inaugural consultation of the International Negotiation Network (INN), held at The Carter Center of Emory University CCEU), in Atlanta, Georgia, January 14-17, 1992. The consultation brought together over 200 invited guests from 40 countries and more than 150 organizations or governments. It was made possible through the generous support of the Carnegie Corporation of New York, and shaped in part by that foundation's president, David Hamburg, who has served as one of the INN's advisors.
- Topic:
- Conflict Resolution, Human Rights, and Sovereignty
- Political Geography:
- Africa, New York, Europe, Asia, and Georgia