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2. Is global inequality rising or falling?
- Author:
- Tony Addison, Jukka Pirttilä, and Finn Tarp
- Publication Date:
- 02-2019
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- United Nations University
- Abstract:
- When measured in relative terms, global inequality has been decreasing. However, in absolute terms it has been increasing. What does this mean for analysing and addressing inequality? While it remains vital to continue reducing the global incidence of poverty, inequality has risen both in international and national agendas. Inequalities — in incomes, assets, and human development — matter for citizens as ethical and political issues. Large inequalities matter for economic development as they and can slow economic growth, generate economic crises, and destabilize political systems.
- Topic:
- Development, Poverty, Inequality, and Economic Growth
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
3. Development assistance for peacebuilding
- Author:
- Rachel M. Gisselquist
- Publication Date:
- 02-2017
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- United Nations University
- Abstract:
- Development assistance to fragile states and conflict-affected areas is a core component of peacebuilding. It includes support for the restoration of core government functions, delivery of basic services, the rule of law, and economic revitalization. Yet, while aid has been among the largest financial inflows to fragile states in recent years, its impact has been mixed. Better understanding of what works and why thus remains a core challenge for development researchers and practitioners.
- Topic:
- Development, Economics, Foreign Aid, Conflict, and Peace
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
4. Aid, environment and climate change
- Author:
- Channing Arndt and Finn Tarp
- Publication Date:
- 12-2017
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- United Nations University
- Abstract:
- Development aid by itself cannot ‘save the planet’. Yet, development aid and institutions have the potential to remain important catalytic actors in achieving developmental and global environmental objectives. Developing countries must be crucial players in successful climate change mitigation as they are responsible for 88% of the growth in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions since 1970. However, the current aid architecture — which was designed in the 1970s when environmental issues were a distant concern — is not well suited to support environmental challenges that extend beyond low-income countries.
- Topic:
- Climate Change, Development, Environment, and Foreign Aid
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
5. Aid for governance: How to support effective, accountable, and inclusive institutions for sustainable development?
- Author:
- Rachel M. Gisselquist and Danielle Resnick
- Publication Date:
- 11-2016
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- United Nations University
- Abstract:
- Aiding government effectiveness in developing countries has been a priority issue for the international donor community since the 1990s. With the Paris Declaration in 1994, donors further committed to aiding government effectiveness in a manner consistent with local ownership and harmonization with national development objectives. These issues have received renewed attention in discussions surrounding the Sustainable Development Goals, which have highlighted the importance of effective governance and institutions.
- Topic:
- Development, Foreign Aid, Governance, and Inclusion
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
6. How do governments respond to food price volatility?
- Author:
- Per Pinstrup-Andersen
- Publication Date:
- 01-2015
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- United Nations University
- Abstract:
- Large food price fluctuations—caused primarily by extreme weather events, market disruptions, investor behaviour and government policy—began in the world market in 2007 and presented serious challenges for governments, private traders, farmers and consumers. A collaborative project between Cornell University, University of Copenhagen, and UNU-WIDER on the political economy of food price policy studied how selected governments responded to increasing food price volatility, and explains why they responded as they did. The degree to which world market price volatility was transmitted to national and local markets varied greatly among the 16 countries included in the project. This was due to trade policies, differences between import and export parity prices, and several other factors. The low degree to which international prices were reflected in domestic prices in some cases, and the large impact of national factors—such as local weather events, poorly functioning domestic markets, and limited dependence on foreign trade—meant that the behavioural response by governments to the international food crisis tended to be similar to the responses to earlier food price fluctuations caused by national factors. Path dependence was widespread.
- Topic:
- Government, Markets, Food, and Volatility
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
7. Four key areas to improve aid effectiveness
- Author:
- Tony Addison and Finn Tarp
- Publication Date:
- 08-2015
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- United Nations University
- Abstract:
- The design and implementation of effective aid policy requires a deeper understanding of the impact of aid and the overall environment in which development aid operates. This policy brief addresses four areas which are key to understanding how aid works: the relationship between aid and economic growth, the effects of aid volatility, the benefits of co-operation, and the macroeconomic management of aid flows.
- Topic:
- Foreign Aid, Economic Growth, and Macroeconomics
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus