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- Author: Abdullah Al-Arian
- Publication Date: 05-2021
- Content Type: Special Report
- Institution: Center for Contemporary Arab Studies
- Abstract: Prof. Abdullah Al-Arian discusses how Islamist movements have historically viewed diplomacy as important to their activist missions.
- Topic: International Relations, Cold War, Diplomacy, Politics, History, Islamism
- Political Geography: Middle East, North America, Egypt, United States of America
- Author: Benjamin Attia, Shayle Kann, Morgan D. Bazilian
- Publication Date: 02-2020
- Content Type: Special Report
- Institution: Georgetown Journal of International Affairs
- Abstract: The global energy transition has reached an inflection point. In numerous markets, the declining cost of solar photovoltaics (PV) has already beaten the cost of new-build coal and natural gas and is now chasing down operating costs of existing thermal power plants, forcing a growing crowd of thermal generation assets into early retirement. Perfect comparability between dispatchable and non-dispatchable resources invites debate, but the cost declines in solar PV are irrefutable: the global average unit cost of competitively-procured solar electricity declined by 83 percent from 2010 to 2018. This is due in part to module cost reductions of approximately 90 percent, capacity-weighted average construction cost declines of 74 percent, and a global paradigm shift in renewable energy procurement policies in the last six years.
- Topic: Climate Change, Environment, Science and Technology, Natural Resources, Infrastructure, Electricity
- Political Geography: Global Focus
- Author: Carly Kabot
- Publication Date: 02-2020
- Content Type: Special Report
- Institution: Georgetown Journal of International Affairs
- Abstract: History is the storyteller that holds all truth, yet when she speaks, much of mankind closes its ears. Hasan Nuhanović, a survivor of the 1995 Srebrenica Genocide committed by a Bosnian Serb militia, narrates his family’s harrowing journey through Bosnia in The Last Refuge: A True Story of War, Survival, and Life under Seige in Srebrenica. Though Nuhanović’s story is tragic, it is not uncommon. He makes this clear from the beginning, writing, “I did not write this book to tell my own story” (5). Rather, his story embodies the experiences of eight thousand Bosniaks who were executed by Serb forces on July 11, 1995, and brings to mind the millions of genocide victims worldwide who have been mercilessly slaughtered in the past century.
- Topic: Genocide, War, History, Book Review, Ethnic Cleansing, Memoir
- Political Geography: Europe, Bosnia, Eastern Europe, Serbia, Srebrenica
4. The Causes, Effects, and Manifestations of the Money Laundering Problem in the Former Soviet Union
- Author: Yehuda Shaffer, Stefan D. Cassella
- Publication Date: 02-2020
- Content Type: Special Report
- Institution: Georgetown Journal of International Affairs
- Abstract: In the past few years, a number of European banks have been implicated in money laundering scandals in countries such as Cyprus, Malta, Latvia, and, most recently, Scandinavia. Although European and international voices are putting pressure to take further action by all including the banks against this, the issue continues to emerge in the continent. In this short article, we attempt to explain this trend and how might it be resolved.
- Topic: Crime, Economics, Finance, Business , Financial Crimes, Banks, Currency
- Political Geography: Russia, Soviet Union, Latvia, Scandinavia, Cyprus, Malta
- Author: Shaoyu Yuan
- Publication Date: 02-2020
- Content Type: Special Report
- Institution: Georgetown Journal of International Affairs
- Abstract: Tensions in the South China Sea continue to rise. China’s People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN)’s Rear Admiral Lou Yuan, regarded as a hawkish military commentator, recently proclaimed that the continuing dispute over the ownership of the South China Sea could be resolved by sinking two US aircraft carriers. Statements like these result in a legitimate fear that China’s increasing presence in the South China Sea might spark a kinetic military conflict with the United States. However, while most Western scholars and media are paying excessive attention to the rise of China, few are contemplating China’s weaknesses in the region. Despite China’s constant verbal objections and rising tensions with the United States in the last century, the world has yet to witness any major military confrontation between the two superpowers. China will continue to avoid directly confronting the United States in the South China Sea for at least another decade because China’s military remains immature and defective.
- Topic: Security, Power Politics, Territorial Disputes, Grand Strategy, Conflict
- Political Geography: China, Asia, North America, South China, United States of America
- Author: Younes Mahmoudieh
- Publication Date: 01-2020
- Content Type: Special Report
- Institution: Georgetown Journal of International Affairs
- Abstract: When I visited Iran this summer, severe panic attacks, depression, and anxiety—longstanding byproducts of post-traumatic stress disorder—caused me to seek out a trauma therapist. After weeks of contacting Iranian pharmacies, hospitals, charities, and relief organizations, my prescriptions for Zoloft, Xanax, Ativan, and Clonazepam remained unfilled. Since the United States exited the Iranian nuclear deal (JCPOA) and imposed new sanctions, this kind of shortage has become commonplace.
- Topic: Health, Sanctions, International Community, International Court of Justice (ICJ)
- Political Geography: Iran, Middle East, North America, United States of America
- Author: Theresa Reidy
- Publication Date: 01-2020
- Content Type: Special Report
- Institution: Georgetown Journal of International Affairs
- Abstract: In 2015, Ireland became the first country in the world to introduce same-sex marriage through a national referendum vote. The decision to introduce equal marriage received a great deal of attention, and not just because it was the first positive referendum decision on this issue; the vote was also preceded by a citizens’ assembly which recommended the referendum and endorsed a “yes” vote. The resounding victory for the liberal position provided definitive evidence of Ireland’s shift from a conservative, inward-looking European periphery state to a modern, liberal, and inclusive republic.
- Topic: Religion, Culture, Domestic politics, LGBT+
- Political Geography: Europe, Ireland, European Union
- Author: Scott M. Thomas, Anthony O'Mahony
- Publication Date: 01-2020
- Content Type: Special Report
- Institution: Georgetown Journal of International Affairs
- Abstract: In February 2019, Pope Francis became the first pope to visit the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Like John-Paul II before him, he has also visited Egypt, and he went to Morocco in March 2019. The pope participated in a colloquium on “human fraternity” and interreligious dialogue sponsored by the UAE-based Muslim Council of Elders—the brain-child of Sheikh Ahmed el-Tayeb, the grand imam of Egypt’s Al-Azhar, the most important Sunni Muslim university in the world. The Council of Elders sponsors initiatives to engage young Muslims on Islamist ideology by promoting a more “authentic” interpretation of Islam. Islamist violence—with its beheadings and mass executions—has provoked disgust across the Muslim world and is causing young Muslims to become more distant from their imams and mosques. It is becoming clear to many Muslim intellectuals in Egypt, Iraq, and Lebanon that, in order to defeat Islamism, there needs to be greater dialogue and coexistence with Christians. Pope Francis is attempting to lead the way, extending his “culture of encounter.”
- Topic: Islam, Religion, Culture, Violence, Catholic Church
- Political Geography: Europe, Middle East, United Arab Emirates, Vatican city
- Author: Huma Saeed
- Publication Date: 02-2020
- Content Type: Special Report
- Institution: Georgetown Journal of International Affairs
- Abstract: Afghanistan’s presidential election took place on September 28, 2019, with less than 2 million people participating out of 9.7 million registered voters. Taking into consideration Afghanistan’s total population of 35 million, the turnout was a historic low—a problem further amplified by the fact that the government poured a huge amount of financial and human resources into election preparation. The main explanation for such low turnout is twofold. On the one hand, security threats such as suicide attacks or gun violence—which reached their peak during the presidential election campaigns—deterred many people from going to polling stations. On the other hand, Afghans have become wary about determining their own political fate because, for decades, regional and international powers have steered the political wheel in Afghanistan, rather the people. After four months, election results have still not been announced, leading to further speculation and anxiety among a population which has already been the victim of four decades of violent conflict in the country. This anxiety is further exacerbated by the ongoing “peace” negotiations with the Taliban. Afghan people have learned from experience that, even in the best-case scenario of the election results or peace negotiations, they cannot hope for new justice measures to heal their wounds. As demonstrated by the experience of Afghanistan and other countries, peace and security will not last without addressing the people’s demands for justice.
- Topic: Development, Human Rights, Politics, Elections, Taliban, Justice
- Political Geography: Afghanistan, Central Asia, Middle East
- Author: Max Erdemandi
- Publication Date: 01-2020
- Content Type: Special Report
- Institution: Georgetown Journal of International Affairs
- Abstract: Recent discussions on the Turkish state’s actions, which have devastated Kurdish people within and outside of its borders, suffer from a familiar deficiency: they neglect the historical and cultural foundations of the dynamics that placed the Kurdish people at the center of Turkey’s national security policy. Serious human rights violations and voter suppression in southeast Turkey, the massacre of Kurdish people in various parts of northern Syria, and purging of Kurdish politicians on false accusations are all extensions of Turkey’s decades-long, repeated policy mistakes, deeply rooted in its nationalist history. Unless there is a seismic shift in the drivers of Turkish security policy, especially as it pertains to the Kurdish people, Turkey is bound to repeat these mistakes. Furthermore, threat externalization with linkage to legitimacy of rule will further erode the democratic institutions of the state and other authentic aspects of Turkish identity.
- Topic: Security, Nationalism, Ethnicity, Syrian War, Borders, Violence, Kurds
- Political Geography: Turkey, Middle East, Syria, Kurdistan