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35442. Putins informations warfare in Ukraine
- Author:
- Maria Snegovaya
- Publication Date:
- 09-2015
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Institute for the Study of War
- Abstract:
- Russia has been using an advanced form of hybrid warfare in Ukraine since early 2014 that relies heavily on an element of information warfare that the Russians call “reflexive control.” Reflexive control causes a stronger adversary voluntarily to choose the actions most advantageous to Russian objectives by shaping the adversary’s perceptions of the situation decisively. Moscow has used this technique skillfully to persuade the U.S. and its European allies to remain largely passive in the face of Russia’s efforts to disrupt and dismantle Ukraine through military and non-military means. The West must become alert to the use of reflexive control techniques and find ways to counter them if it is to succeed in an era of hybrid war.
- Topic:
- Intelligence and International Security
- Political Geography:
- Russia
35443. ISIS global strategy: A wargame
- Author:
- Harleen Gambhir
- Publication Date:
- 07-2015
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Institute for the Study of War
- Abstract:
- The United States currently faces multiple national security threats in an environment of growing disorder. ISIS is executing a sophisticated global strategy that involves simultaneous efforts in Iraq and Syria, the Middle East and North Africa, and the wider world. Homegrown terrorism is increasing in the U.S. and Europe. Civil wars are intensifying in Ukraine, Yemen, and Libya, while the U.S. attempts to pivot to the Asia-Pacific. In this complex environment, it is difficult for policymakers to discern the consequences of action or inaction even in the near future.
- Topic:
- International Relations and International Security
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
35444. The ISIS defence in Iraq ad Syria: countering an adaptive enemy
- Author:
- Jessica Lewis McFate
- Publication Date:
- 05-2015
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Institute for the Study of War
- Abstract:
- Some have claimed that ISIS is on the defensive inside Iraq and Syria. A defensive strategy, however, is not a sign of organizational weakness, but rather a sign that ISIS intends to preserve its holdings in Iraq and Syria and keep its claim to a caliphate. ISIS’s defensive strategies include expanding elsewhere in the Middle East and North Africa, while also maximizing combat power and future opportunities to launch offensives inside Iraq and Syria. Iraq and Syria are the physical foundation for ISIS’s expanding caliphate.
- Topic:
- International Security and International Affairs
- Political Geography:
- Iraq and Syria
35445. "An Army in all Corners" Assad's campaign strategy in Europe
- Author:
- Chris Kozak
- Publication Date:
- 08-2015
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Institute for the Study of War
- Abstract:
- U.S. policymakers in April 2015 appear to be returning to the position that Syrian President Bashar al-Assad represents the “least worst option in Syria” for American strategic interests. Assad is often compared to the Islamic State (ISIS) with the implication that Assad is the lesser of two evils. Senior administration officials including Secretary of State John Kerry signaled support for diplomatic negotiations with the regime in March 2015, rather than developing a committed strategy to remove Assad from power. American leaders’ ambivalence reflects the limitations of U.S. policy which attempts to treat Syria as the backdrop for a narrow counterterrorism problem rather than a comprehensive national security issue. This outlook is dangerously flawed.
- Topic:
- International Security and War Crimes
- Political Geography:
- Syria
35446. The Taliban Resurgent: Threats to Afghanistan's security
- Author:
- Lauren McNally and Paul Bucala
- Publication Date:
- 03-2015
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Institute for the Study of War
- Abstract:
- The success or failure of the U.S. mission in Afghanistan has reached a critical juncture. Newly appointed Defense Secretary Ashton Carter announced on February 21, 2015 that the United States is considering a number of changes to the U.S. mission in Afghanistan, including slowing the drawdown timetable and rethinking the U.S. counter-terrorism mission. On March 16, 2015, anonymous U.S. officials confirmed that the United States is likely abandoning its plans to cut the number of U.S. troops to 5,500 at the end of the year. The United States could allow many of the 9,800 troops in Afghanistan to remain beyond 2015. A visit by Afghan President Ashraf Ghani to Washington, DC from March 22-25, 2015 is intended to discuss these issues.
- Topic:
- Civil War and International Security
- Political Geography:
- Afghanistan
35447. The EU and the Refugees: The Way Forward
- Author:
- Petr Kratochvil and Vit Beneš
- Publication Date:
- 11-2015
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Institute of International Relations Prague
- Abstract:
- his paper was prepared for the Prague European Summit. "The refugee crisis can become – in spite of the underlying tragedy – a moment of glory for the European Union. Suffering from crises of both identity and confidence, the EU can find itself again by drawing inspiration from its history and values and renew its purpose at home and abroad. If the EU manages to reform its outdated migration and asylum policies, offering the war refugees a friendly welcome, it will prove that the fears of its weakness are exaggerated and the rumours about its erosion are unfounded. If decisive action is taken by European leaders, the result will be of benefit for both the refugees and the societies as well as economies of the recipient countries. War refugees – and even economic migrants – are not a threat; they are an opportunity for the EU to prove that it still stands firm on the principles of peace, solidarity and openness, on which it had been originally built."
- Topic:
- Refugees and Refugee Crisis
- Political Geography:
- Europe
35448. Why should the Visegrad Group support the Iranian Nuclear Deal?
- Author:
- Erzsébet N. Rózsa
- Publication Date:
- 09-2015
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Institute of International Relations Prague
- Abstract:
- On July 14, 2015 the so-called P 5 + 1 (the permanent members of the UN Security Council and Germany) concluded a historic deal with Iran over its nuclear program. The present paper argues that the Iranian nuclear program and the international controversy over it are derivatives of both the experimental model of the Islamic Republic of Iran and its behaviour, in which it acts as an empire.
- Topic:
- International Affairs and Nuclear Power
- Political Geography:
- Iran
35449. Combating Piracy in the Gulf of Guinea
- Author:
- Adeniyi Adejimi Osinowo
- Publication Date:
- 02-2015
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Africa Center for Strategic Studies
- Abstract:
- Despite earning the inauspicious title in recent years as the shipping corridor with the highest number of piracy attacks in the world, regional responses to piracy and maritime security threats in the Gulf of Guinea, have been fragmentary. Maritime domain awareness remains low, interagency coordination is limited, and intra-regional coordination mechanisms that have been established are often underfunded.
- Topic:
- International Security, International Affairs, and Global Political Economy
- Political Geography:
- Papua New Guinea
35450. Constructing Quality: Producer Power, Market Organization, and the Politics of High Value-Added Markets.
- Author:
- Elizabeth Carter
- Publication Date:
- 12-2015
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies
- Abstract:
- Economists assume increased producer flexibility creates production advantages. So why do inefficient French quality wine producers dominate their flexible, efficient Italian counterparts? French AOC wine producers created “corporatist” producer organizations which served three purposes: encouraged increased product quality information across the supply chain; allowed for the emergence of a unique production style; and enabled producers to define their production methods as “quality” via state regulation. Italian DOC wine producers have fragmented political structures at both the regional and national levels, causing producers to rely more on the price mechanism and less on political structures to coordinate supply chain transactions. Market asymmetries persist across the supply chain, making it difficult for producers to guarantee quality and adversely shaping their potential production and brand strategies. Solving supply chain problems through representative political institutions yields superior economic outcomes than uncoordinated market transactions because the former corrects market power asymmetries.
- Topic:
- Economics, International Trade and Finance, Markets, Politics, and Regulation
- Political Geography:
- France, Italy, and Global Focus