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2042. Djibouti: Economic structure
- Publication Date:
- 11-2019
- Content Type:
- Country Data and Maps
- Institution:
- Economist Intelligence Unit
- Abstract:
- No abstract is available.
- Topic:
- Economy, Economic structure, Charts and tables, and Annual indicators
- Political Geography:
- Djibouti
2043. Swaziland: Country outlook
- Publication Date:
- 07-2019
- Content Type:
- Country Data and Maps
- Institution:
- Economist Intelligence Unit
- Abstract:
- No abstract is available.
- Topic:
- Economy and Outlook
- Political Geography:
- Swaziland
2044. A national recovery programme for languages
- Author:
- Nia Griffith, Baroness Coussins, David Amess, Tonia Antoniazzi, Lord Dykes, and Baroness Garden of Frognal
- Publication Date:
- 03-2019
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- UK in a Changing Europe, King's College London
- Abstract:
- The case for languages is compelling and urgent. The UK’s languages deficit is holding us back economically, socially and culturally. But the UK is in a languages crisis. The All-Party Parliamentary Group on Modern Languages calls on Government, civil society and all stakeholders to act now, to reverse this national crisis.
- Topic:
- Politics, European Union, Constitution, Economy, Language, and Society
- Political Geography:
- United Kingdom and Europe
2045. Sustainable Defense: More Security, Less Spending
- Author:
- Carl Conetta
- Publication Date:
- 06-2019
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Project on Defense Alternatives
- Abstract:
- The United States must partner with other nations in addressing challenges like climate change, epidemics of disease, nuclear proliferation, and human rights and humanitarian crises. None of these challenges are best dealt with by military force. Rather, they will depend on building non-military capacities for diplomacy, economic assistance, and scientific and cultural cooperation and exchange which have been allowed to languish in an era in which the military has been treated as the primary tool of U.S. security policy.
- Topic:
- Security, Defense Policy, Climate Change, Economy, Sustainability, and Hybrid Threats
- Political Geography:
- North America, Global Focus, and United States of America
2046. The Forgotten Americans: An Economic Agenda for a Divided Nation, Isabel Sawhill
- Author:
- Mark Joseph Stelzner
- Publication Date:
- 07-2019
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Political Science Quarterly
- Institution:
- Academy of Political Science
- Abstract:
- Income inequality in the United States has been increasing rapidly over the last 40 years. This, paired with weak economic growth, means that many Americans have been left behind. In her book, Forgotten Americans: An Economic Agenda for a Divided Nation, Isabel Sawhill proposes a “radical centrist” response of promoting social responsibility, increased vocational and private sector training, and social insurance reform. While inequality is an important issue that needs an immediate response, Sawhill misdiagnoses both the economic and political roots of inequality and proposes a narrow solution that ironically is not radical but parallels much of the policy that created current inequality and Trumpism.
- Topic:
- Income Inequality, Economy, Book Review, and Donald Trump
- Political Geography:
- North America and United States of America
2047. Journal of Advanced Military Studies: Economics of Defense
- Author:
- Patrick Callaway, James Lockhart, Nikolas Gardner, Rebecca Jensen, Ian Brown, J. Craig Stone, Lauren Mackenzie, and Kristin Post
- Publication Date:
- 03-2019
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Journal of Advanced Military Studies
- Institution:
- Marine Corps University Press, National Defense University
- Abstract:
- During the past two decades, the U.S. government infrastructure has ground to a halt for a variety of reasons, particularly due to deficit reductions, military spending, health care, and overall party-line budget disagreements, but even more recently on border security and immigration. Regardless of party politics and the daily administrative drama in the White House, how does one of the wealthiest countries in the world prepare for the impact of making war and defending peace within these economic and political constraints? Authors for this issue of MCU Journal address the economics of defense and how those costs impact nations. Aside from the economic costs the United States bears for its defense, the articles in the Spring issue of MCU Journal will demonstrate there are other costs and unique limitations faced by America and other nation-states. For example, smaller nations such as Oman must rely on technologically advanced allies for their defense support. Long-term political costs also may apply to these nations, as James Lockhart’s article on the Central Intelligence Agency’s intervention in Chilean politics discusses. There are also other ways to wage “war” that are discussed in this issue; for example, looking to the past, President Thomas Jefferson attempted to wage a trade war against Great Britain and France to maintain U.S. trade neutrality and, looking to the present and future, governments must address the real costs of cyberwar. Finally, we must consider the political and diplomatic costs associated with U.S. servicemembers and their work in foreign states, but also the relationship repair they must rely on to keep the peace.
- Topic:
- Defense Policy, Counterinsurgency, Culture, Armed Forces, Military Affairs, Authoritarianism, Cybersecurity, Weapons, Economy, Military Spending, History, Coup, Trade, Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and Augusto Pinochet
- Political Geography:
- Britain, Afghanistan, China, South Asia, Canada, Asia, South America, North America, Chile, Oman, and United States of America
2048. Meşrutiyet Yıllarında Bir Girişim: Ticaret ve Nafia Memurini Teavün ve İktisad Şirketi
- Author:
- Ömer Karaoğlu
- Publication Date:
- 12-2019
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Bilgi
- Institution:
- Sakarya University (SAU)
- Abstract:
- Osmanlı devletinin Tanzimatla belirginleşen hukuki, bürokratik ve mali değişim sürecinin ardından II. Meşrutiyet yıllarında geleneksel yapı ve kodlardan hayli farklılaşmış yeni kurumlar tesis edildiği bilinmektedir. II. Meşrutiyet devresinde kamu hizmetinde çalışmakta olanlar için emeklilik ve yardımlaşma sandıklarından farklı bir tecrübe örneği olarak şirket yapıları kurulduğu ve bunların modern finansal araç ve işlemlerle faaliyette bulundukları görülmektedir. Personelin maaş dönemlerinde ayırdıkları fonların faiz getirisi elde edecekleri araçlarla ve farklı yatırım alanlarında nemalandırılmasıyla tasarruflarını artırmak ve yine kurum içi kredi yoluyla dayanışma işlevi görmek, bu şirketlerin başlıca amacıydı. Ticaret ve Nafia Nezareti çalışanlarına yönelik Teavün ve İktisad Şirketi, memur ve katip kadrolarında görev yapan personelin tasarruflarını artırmak ve yardımlaşmalarını sağlamak amacıyla 1908 yılında kurulmuştu. Bu kısa çalışmada adı geçen şirketin kuruluş nizamnamesine göre idari örgütlenmesi, sermaye yapısı, vereceği borçlar ve satışa sunacağı tahvillerle nihayet on yılın sonunda gerçekleşmesi planlanan tasfiye işlemlerine dair bilgilere yer verdik. Elde ettiğimiz belgelerle 1908-1910 devresi içinde gerçekleşen iki yıllık sermaye birikimine, hesap özetleri ve satın alınan tahvillerin değerleri ve faiz hesaplarını ele aldık.
- Topic:
- Economy, Trade, Bonds, and Lending
- Political Geography:
- Turkey and Middle East
2049. Advancing Women’s Work Amid Fragility and Conflict: What Works
- Author:
- Yvonne Quek
- Publication Date:
- 02-2019
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Georgetown Institute for Women, Peace and Security (GIWPS)
- Abstract:
- It is widely recognized that advancing women’s economic empowerment is central to gender equality, economic growth, and the realization of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Multilateral institutions, nonprofit organizations, development finance institutions, and governments have engaged in a range of programs to promote women’s economic empowerment. Existing types of interventions that address women’s economic empowerment include increasing girls’ financial inclusion and access to education, enhancing their livelihoods through skills-based training, and reforming discriminatory laws for women to gain access to land, employment, inheritance, and property. This study builds on a companion paper that sets out what we know about the current status and patterns of women’s economic opportunities in fragile and conflict-affected countries (FCA). It aims to provide insights into which interventions have worked or hold promise in increasing women’s economic opportunities. Based on a number of systematic reviews examining the effectiveness of interventions in low- and middle-income countries, we find that technical and vocational training—paired with some kind of internships, life-skills training, or cash transfers—can be effective in increasing women’s employability and income. However, the implementation of such programs can be costly, and measures of effectiveness are mixed.
- Topic:
- Women, Economy, Conflict, Empowerment, and Fragility
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
2050. Entendiendo el Presupuesto General de la Nación
- Author:
- Julio Ramírez
- Publication Date:
- 03-2019
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Centro de Análisis y Difusión de la Economía Paraguaya (CADEP)
- Abstract:
- El Observatorio Fiscal y Presupuestario (OFIP) del CADEP presenta este nuevo informe del investigador Julio Ramírez, Entendiendo el Presupuesto Público, que busca dar a conocer los principales aspectos del Presupuesto General de la Nación (PGN) y su importancia para la sociedad.
- Topic:
- Budget, Economy, Fiscal Policy, and Society
- Political Geography:
- South America and Paraguay