Pakistan, Bangladesh, Kenya, Japan, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Turkey, Ukraine, Canada, India, Israel, Finland, Kazakhstan, Norway, Greece, South Korea, Kuwait, France, Poland, Lithuania, Libya, South Africa, Brazil, Argentina, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Colombia, Germany, Estonia, Algeria, Cuba, Belgium, Denmark, Saudi Arabia, Azerbaijan, Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, Spain, Australia, Italy, Dominican Republic, Croatia, Switzerland, Sweden, Latvia, Egypt, Mexico, Nigeria, Jordan, Netherlands, Portugal, Ireland, Morocco, Bahrain, Qatar, Singapore, Thailand, Tunisia, Costa Rica, Chile, Austria, Angola, Peru, New Zealand, Hong Kong, United Arab Emirates, Ecuador, Czech Republic, El Salvador, Cyprus, Slovenia, Slovakia, United States of America, UK, Iran, Islamic Republic of, Russian Federation, Taiwan, Province of China, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of, and Viet Nam
Pakistan, Bangladesh, Kenya, Japan, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Turkey, Ukraine, Canada, India, Israel, Finland, Kazakhstan, Norway, Greece, South Korea, Kuwait, France, Poland, Lithuania, Libya, South Africa, Brazil, Argentina, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Colombia, Germany, Estonia, Algeria, Cuba, Belgium, Denmark, Saudi Arabia, Azerbaijan, Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, Spain, Australia, Italy, Dominican Republic, Croatia, Switzerland, Sweden, Latvia, Egypt, Mexico, Nigeria, Jordan, Netherlands, Portugal, Ireland, Morocco, Bahrain, Qatar, Singapore, Thailand, Tunisia, Costa Rica, Chile, Austria, Angola, Peru, New Zealand, Hong Kong, United Arab Emirates, Ecuador, Czech Republic, El Salvador, Cyprus, Slovenia, Slovakia, United States of America, UK, Iran, Islamic Republic of, Russian Federation, Taiwan, Province of China, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of, and Viet Nam
When India became a republic in 1950, the economy was primarily agrarian, with threefifths of output originating from agriculture. In the sixty years since independence, there has been
a significant transformation of economic activity away from agriculture, with less than one-fifth of
output now originating from agriculture and the rest from manufacturing and services. Since the
1980s, along with structural change, there has been strong economic growth, till 2010, followed
by a period of declining growth. In this paper, we describe India’s economic foundation, paying
particular interest to the processes of economic growth and structural change. We begin with a
brief discussion of the patterns of growth and structural change since independence. We then
discuss the economic policies that have underpinned India’s economic development. Next, we
discuss the evolution of the three main economic sectors—agriculture, industry, and services. We
then provide a summary of India’s regional performance. We end with a discussion of India’s
economic performance in the post-2014 period.
Topic:
Agriculture, Development, Economic Growth, Economic Policy, and Industry
This paper examines multiple facets of New Delhi’s development cooperation with
countries in Africa and argues that grassroots organizations in India that find innovative, low-cost
technological solutions to developmental challenges can help governments and multilateral
agencies craft inclusive, sustainable policies. The aim of this paper is threefold. First, to understand
the major actors, instruments, themes, and mechanisms that make up India’s Development
cooperation towards countries in Africa and how these usher in a new dimension of ‘South–South
cooperation’. Second, the paper will explore the role of grassroots organizations that have found
localized solutions in India that then export their learnings to other geographies and how they craft
a unique role for themselves in India’s broader development cooperation framework. To explore
this idea further, the paper will utilize the case study of a community-based grassroots organization,
Barefoot College, Tilonia, founded by Sanjit Bunker Roy in 1972, and its solar programme. The
college trains women from unelectrified, remote communities to become solar engineers who then
return to their rural villages with the ability to harness solar power, earning them the title of ‘Solar
Mamas’. Third, this paper argues that the uneven, fragmented Indian experience of designing
development assistance programmes provides an important non-western perspective that can help
decision makers craft policies for an era beyond aid.
Topic:
Development, International Cooperation, Science and Technology, Innovation, and Sustainability