All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy and Peace
Institution:
Center for Foreign Policy and Peace Research
Abstract:
The manuscript compares the World History Standpoint promoted by the Kyoto School of Philosophy with two other competitors – post-Western re- worlding and the Chinese balance of relationships - in their shared campaign for alternative international relations theory. The World History Standpoint explains how nations influenced by major power politics judge their conditions and rely on combining existing cultural resources to make sense of their place in world politics. It predicts that international systemic stability cannot be maintained over a set of congruent identities because history’s longevity allows for previous politically incorrect identities to return in due time with proper clues. It specifically predicts that nations caught between different identities will experience cycles in their international relations; nations with an expansive scope of international relations or declining from the hegemonic status will adopt balance of relationships; and less influential nations will practically reinterpret hegemonic order to meet their otherwise inexpressible motivations. Accordingly, Japan will be focused upon as an exemplary case for World History Standpoint; Taiwan for re-worlding; and China for balance of relationships. The paper touches upon theoretical implications of their conflicts.
Topic:
International Relations, Politics, Philosophy, and International System
Over the decades, leaders of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) have used the control of history to bolster their own political standing, as well as the continued primacy of the CCP in ruling the People’s Republic of China (PRC). This paper illustrates one of the most important cases of CCP historical manipulation through analysis of the political process surrounding the 1981 “Resolution on Certain Questions in the History of Our Party Since the Founding of the People’s Republic of China.” From 1979-1981, Deng Xiaoping used his ability to control what would become the CCP’s official verdict on Mao Zedong’s legacy to supplant Mao’s appointed successor, Hua Guofeng. The ability to control history to maintain the CCP’s political legitimacy has undeniably become a tool of power in the PRC. As the influence of the Chinese government and the CCP increasingly spreads abroad, it is important to understand how the CCP arrived at the “history” it exports.
Topic:
Politics, Geopolitics, History, Chinese Communist Party (CCP), and Narrative
The Chinese Party-state’s warnings about the danger of Western ideas appear with increasing frequency. Whether the target is “constitutional democracy,” the “rule of law,” “universal values,” “judicial independence,” or “color revolutions,” the refrain is becoming familiar. These are “erroneous” notions in the public discourse of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), which not only threaten CCP rule, their advocacy by Chinese is evidence of traitorous conduct, and their support by U.S. officials or on the Western-led internet must be resisted for bilateral relations to proceed successfully. Such admonishments are consistent with the CCP’s official ideology and reflect the national identity currently espoused by CCP leaders and propagated in the increasingly tightly controlled media and academia. They have had a negative impact on the Sino-U.S. relationship, and are likely to continue to do so even as President Donald Trump remains largely silent on China’s human rights record and concentrates on “America First” economically and on tough talk about pressuring China regarding issues such as Taiwan, the South China Sea, and North Korea.
Topic:
Diplomacy, Politics, Bilateral Relations, Ideology, and Identity
The United States-Republic of Korea Alliance has arrived at a critical
juncture. In July 2016, the countries jointly decided to deploy the U.S.
Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) ballistic missile defense
system to the Korean Peninsula to defend against North Korea’s
accelerating nuclear and ballistic missile programs. China has long
opposed an American-led, regional missile defense system, persistently
warning South Korea against deploying THAAD. Since the deciding to
deploy THAAD, the political landscapes in the U.S. and the ROK have
changed dramatically. The new Donald J. Trump administration has
signaled a change from the previous administration’s “strategic patience”
policy, but details of the new approach have yet to emerge. North Korea,
meanwhile, continues to aggressively test ballistic missiles and promote
its nuclear weapons program. In South Korea, the impeachment and
subsequent removal of Park Geun-hye triggered the need for a snap
election, and a left-leaning candidate, Moon Jae-in, is leading in the polls.
The election could mark a return of previous liberal administration
policies that favored cooperation with North Korea. Additionally, Moon
has signaled his opposition to THAAD. Nonetheless, the U.S. began
deploying THAAD to South Korea in March 2017. China retaliated,
implementing a series of economic, political, and military measures to
pressure South Korea. This paper provides background on THAAD,
analyzes the decision by Washington and Seoul to deploy the system to
Korea, and examines Beijing’s concerns and coercive counterstrategy
Topic:
Nuclear Weapons, Politics, Military Strategy, Weapons, Missile Defense, and Donald Trump
Political Geography:
China, Asia, South Korea, North Korea, and United States of America
Department of Political Science, University of the Punjab
Abstract:
China-Pakistan strategic partnership is evolving into the politics of interdependence by
encompassing not only the defense dimension but also the trade, investment, energy and
infrastructure development. The proposed China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a mega
project which will connect the north-western Sinkiang autonomous region‘s Kashgar city with
the Pakistan‘s Gwadar Port. It is equally important both for China and Pakistan on the one hand
and for the regional states of South Asia, Middle East, landlocked Central Asia and East Asia, on
the other. It will provide China a shortest route of about 2500 kilometers to link with Middle East
by the Pakistan‘s much needed road and railway network. A huge amount of 46 billion US
dollars is allocated for the project to uplift Pakistan‘s development by meeting the energy needs,
building industrial parks and economic zones. This paper will use the paradigm of
interdependence to analyze the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. Interdependence is a broad
term which refers to such situations of reciprocal effects among the states or actors in different
states. It is not only applicable to political-military interdependence but also to politicaleconomic interdependence. Here in the case it has been observed that with the rise of China and
its rapidly growing economy, a relatively peaceful environment and neighborhood is imperative.
With the completion of CPEC, this interdependence seems to be transformed into Complex
Interdependence by creating more peaceful environment and war; costly.
Topic:
Development, Energy Policy, Politics, Regional Cooperation, Infrastructure, and Economy
David J. Bercuson, Stefanie Von Hlatky, Thomas Juneau, Barry Cooper, Candice Malcolm, Paul Dewar, Ferry de Kerckhove, Colin Robertson, Glenn Davidson, Paul Durand, Thomas Keenan, Andrew Rasiulis, and Hugh Stephens
Publication Date:
06-2016
Content Type:
Journal Article
Journal:
The Global Exchange
Institution:
Canadian Global Affairs Institute (CGAI)
Abstract:
The Dispatch (later called The Global Exchange) is the Canadian Global Affairs Institute’s quarterly magazine featuring topical articles written by our fellows and other contributing experts. Each issue contains approximately a dozen articles exploring political and strategic challenges in international affairs and Canadian foreign and defence policy. This Summer 2016 issue includes articles on immigration, defense policy, arms deals and more.
Topic:
Defense Policy, NATO, Diplomacy, Nuclear Weapons, Politics, Immigration, Military Affairs, Weapons, Arms Trade, and Nonproliferation
Political Geography:
China, Iran, Canada, Taiwan, South America, Saudi Arabia, and North America
Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional (RBPI)
Institution:
Instituto Brasileiro de Relações Internacionais (IBRI)
Abstract:
This article discusses the role of China, Russia, India and Brazil in the climate regime. It describes the trajectory of their emissions, of their domestic policies and of their international commitments, and argues that, despite their responsibility in causing the problem, they have been conservative forces in the climate regime.
Topic:
Climate Change, Politics, BRIC, and Decarbonization