Political Geography: America / Topic: International Affairs

1. Two-pronged approaches: considerations in the US-Iran showdown

Author:: Al Jazeera Center for Studies
Publication Date:: 06-2019
Content Type:: Policy Brief
Institution:: Al Jazeera Center for Studies
Abstract:: In early May 2019, the United States announced it would deploy an aircraft carrier, B-52 strategic bombers, and a Patriot missile battery to the Gulf region, declaring it had received information that Iran intended to strike US targets or those of its allies, directly or through a proxy. The United States followed with a new round of sanctions targeting Iran’s oil industry.
Topic:: International Relations and International Affairs
Political Geography:: America and Iran

2. HKS Faculty Research Working Paper Series

Author:: Maciej Kotowski
Publication Date:: 10-2019
Content Type:: Working Paper
Institution:: The John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University
Abstract:: This paper investigates the formation of production and trading networks in an economy with general interdependencies and complex property rights. The right to exclude,a core tenet of property, grants asset owners a form of monopoly power that influences granular economic interactions. Equilibrium networks reflect the distribution of these ownership claims. Inefficient production networks may endure in equilibrium as firms multi-source to mitigate hold-up risk. Short supply chains also reduce this risk, but may preclude the production of complex goods. A generalized Top Trading Cycles algorithm, applicable to a production economy, identifies equilibrium outcomes in the model. Such outcomes can be decentralized via a price system.
Topic:: International Trade and Finance, International Affairs, Intellectual Property/Copyright, and National & provincial initiatives
Political Geography:: America

3. Trump Isn’t Really Trying to End America’s Wars

Author:: Andrew J. Bacevich
Publication Date:: 11-2019
Content Type:: Commentary and Analysis
Institution:: Foreign Policy In Focus
Abstract:: Let us stipulate at the outset that President Trump is a vulgar and dishonest fraud without a principled bone in his body. Yet history is nothing if not a tale overflowing with irony. Despite his massive shortcomings, President Trump appears intent on recalibrating America’s role in the world. Initiating a long-overdue process of aligning U.S. policy with actually existing global conditions just may prove to be his providentially anointed function.
Topic:: International Relations and International Affairs
Political Geography:: America and Global Focus

4. The Ukraine Whistleblowers and the Rise of Partisan Whistleblowing

Author:: Hannah Gurman
Publication Date:: 09-2019
Content Type:: Commentary and Analysis
Institution:: Foreign Policy In Focus
Abstract:: This moment should spark a conversation about the place of national security whistleblowing in a democratic society.
Topic:: International Security, International Affairs, Intellectual Property/Copyright, Political Activism, and Democracy
Political Geography:: America and Global Focus

5. A Tale of Three Headlines

Author:: David Boaz
Publication Date:: 08-2018
Content Type:: Policy Brief
Institution:: The Cato Institute
Abstract:: Democrats accuse President Trump of abuse of executive power and “thinking he is a dictator.” But then, Republicans made similar charges about President Obama. They all have a point. At least since the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt, there has been a flow of power from civil society to government, from the states to the federal government, and from Congress to the executive branch. But a recent newspaper headline reminded me of some other headlines that tell a story.
Topic:: International Affairs
Political Geography:: America

6. Repeal, Don’t Replace, the AUMF

Author:: Gene Healy
Publication Date:: 08-2018
Content Type:: Policy Brief
Institution:: The Cato Institute
Abstract:: For the past 17 years, presidents have used the 2001 Authorization for the Use of Military Force (AUMF) as a blank check to wage war whenever and wherever they please. Congress is now debating several replacement AUMFs—but these, too, pose the danger of granting the president far broader war powers than the Constitution envisioned. At a Capitol Hill Briefing, Cato’s GENE HEALY and JOHNGLASER made the case for repealing, rather than replacing, the AUMF.
Topic:: International Affairs
Political Geography:: America

7. Why Americans pay too much for health care

Author:: Institute CATO
Publication Date:: 08-2018
Content Type:: Commentary and Analysis
Institution:: The Cato Institute
Abstract:: Why do we pay $600 for EpiPens, a long-existing piece of technology that contains just a dollar’s worth of medicine? Why do hospitalized patients so frequently receive bills laden with inflated charges that come out of the blue from out-ofnetwork providers or that demand payment for services that weren’t delivered?
Topic:: International Affairs
Political Geography:: America

8. Checkpoint America

Author:: Institute Cato
Publication Date:: 08-2018
Content Type:: Special Report
Institution:: The Cato Institute
Abstract:: In April, Cato’s Patrick Eddington introduced his new online initiative Checkpoint America: Monitoring the Constitution-Free Zone.
Topic:: International Affairs
Political Geography:: America

9. Cato Educates Capitol Hill

Author:: Cato Institute
Publication Date:: 08-2018
Content Type:: Commentary and Analysis
Institution:: The Cato Institute
Abstract:: Congressional staff members play a vital role in shaping policy—they make decisions on which issues their bosses prioritize, which arguments the representatives and senators hear, and what language makes it into legislation. Cato’s popular Capitol Hill Briefings offer these staff members timely briefings on the most pressing issues facing their offices. At these events, Cato scholars and other experts update the staff on their latest scholarship and policy recommendations, critique current or upcoming legislation, and answer staffers’ questions.
Topic:: International Affairs
Political Geography:: America

10. Your Uber Ambulance Has Arrived

Author:: Institute Cato
Publication Date:: 08-2018
Content Type:: Commentary and Analysis
Institution:: The Cato Institute
Abstract:: Ambulances are notoriously expensive—one ride may cost more than $1,000, and insurance companies frequently refuse to cover them. In the past, patients had few alternatives to get themselves to the hospital—but in “Does Ride-Sharing Substitute for Ambulances?” (Research Briefs in Economic Policy no. 114), Leon S. Moskatel of Scripps Mercy Hospital and David J. G. Slusky of the University of Kansas demonstrate how the age of Uber and Lyft is changing that and is reducing expensive and unnecessary ambulance trips.
Topic:: International Affairs
Political Geography:: America

11. Indispensable Remedy: The Broad Scope of the Constitution’s Impeachment Power

Author:: Gene Healy
Publication Date:: 09-2018
Content Type:: Special Report
Institution:: The Cato Institute
Abstract:: Presidential impeachments are vanishingly rare in American constitutional history: in the 230 years since ratification, only three presidents have faced serious attempts to remove them from office. And yet, as President Donald J. Trump’s tumultuous tenure continues, it seems increasingly plausible that we’ll see a fourth.
Topic:: International Affairs, Democracy, and Constitution
Political Geography:: America

12. U.S. Citizens Targeted by ICE: U.S. Citizens Targeted by Immigration and Customs Enforcement in Texas

Author:: David Bier
Publication Date:: 08-2018
Content Type:: Research Paper
Institution:: The Cato Institute
Abstract:: Texas law SB 4 imposes jail time on local police who fail to detain anyone whom federal Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) requests. Data from Travis County, Texas, show that ICE targets large numbers of U.S. citizens. From October 2005 to August 2017, 814 targets of ICE detainers in Travis County-3.3 percent of all requests-claimed U.S. citizenship and presented officers with a Social Security number (SSN). ICE subsequently canceled or declined to execute about a quarter of those detainer requests. Based on statements from ICE officials, the best explanation for not executing these detainers is that ICE targeted at least 228 U.S. citizens in the county before canceling or declining to execute those detainers. SB 4 will likely increase the detention of U.S. citizens for supposed violations of immigration law by preventing local police from releasing them.
Topic:: International Affairs and Immigration
Political Geography:: America

13. The Effects of Carbon Tax Policies on the US Economy and the Welfare of Households

Author:: John Diamond and George Zodrow
Publication Date:: 07-2018
Content Type:: Special Report
Institution:: Center on Global Energy Policy (CGEP), Columbia University
Abstract:: The potential for utilizing a federal carbon tax to address the risks of climate change has been discussed in U.S. policy debates on both sides of the aisle. Under a carbon tax, consumers and producers would account for the costs of climate change in their decision making. The policy would reduce greenhouse gas emissions without sacrificing the efficiency of private markets.
Topic:: Energy Policy, International Affairs, and Domestic Politics
Political Geography:: America

14. The United States braces itself for the midterm elections: Is there a foreign-policy dimension?

Author:: Ville Sinkkonen
Publication Date:: 08-2018
Content Type:: Commentary and Analysis
Institution:: Finnish Institute of International Affairs
Abstract:: Foreign policy rarely plays a decisive role in congressional elections in the US. However, President Trump’s tendency to mix foreign policy into the domestic debate might increase its salience. Electoral success for the Democrats could both constrain and embolden the president’s international conduct.
Topic:: International Affairs
Political Geography:: America

15. The sustainability of the questionable US presidency: The Trump era might last longer than expected

Author:: Mika Aaltola
Publication Date:: 08-2018
Content Type:: Policy Brief
Institution:: Finnish Institute of International Affairs
Abstract:: The 2020 US presidential election could be a close call with a narrow margin of victory. Many key factors underlying Donald Trump’s 2016 electoral success are still active and might suffice to win over a very polarized electorate in an extremely ugly election.
Topic:: International Affairs and Democracy
Political Geography:: America

16. A new Direction in U.S- Russia Relations?

Author:: Paul Saunders
Publication Date:: 01-2018
Content Type:: Special Report
Abstract:: America’s relationship with Russia was among the most controversial foreignpolicy issues of the 2016 presidential campaign, and has remained so in the Trump administration’s initial weeks. Much of the controversy has been strictly political, focused primarily on exploiting anger and suspicion toward Moscow as a weapon during the election campaign and, more recently, in confirmation hearings for President Donald Trump’s key foreign-policy and national-security nominees. That said, public discussion before and after the November election has also exposed sharp differences over U.S. policy toward Russia and the assessments of U.S. and Russian interests, objectives and values that shape Washington’s choices. This volume seeks to contribute to that debate by exploring U.S. options in pursuing President Trump’s stated intent to engage with Moscow
Topic:: International Relations and International Affairs
Political Geography:: Japan and America

17. The US Withdrawal from Syria: Causes, Contexts and Consequences

Author:: Al Jazeera Center for Studies
Publication Date:: 12-2018
Content Type:: Policy Brief
Institution:: Al Jazeera Center for Studies
Abstract:: Trump’s decision leaves the Kurdish nationalists of the KDP defenceless and, with their patron gone, will likely cause splits among Arab forces allied with Kurdish militiamen. Regionally, it sends a message to US allies in the Gulf about the Trump’s commitment to the Iran-containment strategy.
Topic:: International Security and International Affairs
Political Geography:: America and Syria

18. Threats to democracy in the Trump era

Author:: Brookings Institute
Publication Date:: 02-2018
Content Type:: Video
Institution:: The Brookings Institution
Abstract:: On February 7, David Frum joined a panel of experts at Brookings to discuss the burgeoning threats to democratic institutions in the Trump era.
Topic:: International Affairs and Democracy
Political Geography:: America

19. Borrowers with Large Balances: Rising Student Debt and Falling Repayment Rates

Author:: Adam Looney and Constantine Yannelis
Publication Date:: 02-2018
Content Type:: Special Report
Institution:: The Brookings Institution
Abstract:: We examine the distribution of student loan balances and repayment rates in the United States using administrative student loan data. We show that increases in credit limits and expansions in credit availability resulted in rising borrowing amounts, and that the share of borrowers holding very large balances has surged. For instance, the share of borrowers leaving school with more than $50,000 of federal student debt increased from 2 percent in 1992 to 17 percent in 2014. Consequently, a small share of borrowers now owes the majority of loan dollars in the United States. Although these large-balance borrowers have historically strong labor market outcomes and low rates of default, repayment rates have slowed significantly between 1990 and 2014 reflecting, in part, changes in the characteristics of students, the schools they attended, and the rising amounts borrowed. A decomposition analysis indicates that changes in the types of institutions attended, student demographics, default rates, and increased participation of alternative repayment plans and forbearance largely explain the decrease in student loan repayment.
Topic:: Education and International Affairs
Political Geography:: America

20. Trump, Xi and the eclipse of the liberal world order

Author:: Andreas Bøje Forsby
Publication Date:: 02-2018
Content Type:: Policy Brief
Institution:: Danish Institute for International Studies (DIIS)
Abstract:: Until recently, we were operating under the assumption that the liberal world order would prove sufficiently inclusive, productive and resilient to serve as a stable framework for international cooperation. But such optimism seems increasingly unwarranted as a wide host of existential challenges have materialized, including the return of geopolitics, the resurgence of autocratic leadership, the revival of economic protectionism and the rising tide of populism and nationalism.
Topic:: International Political Economy and International Affairs
Political Geography:: America

21. Make Japan Great Again? The Rise of Trump and Significance of the US-Japan Alliance

Author:: Fuad Olajuwon
Publication Date:: 03-2017
Content Type:: Commentary and Analysis
Institution:: Council on International Policy (CIP)
Abstract:: Japan is in a unique position. With the rise of Trump and the changing of the American political landscape, the world faces a new challenge. That challenge is uncertainty. If you’re from a realist background, that raises concern. The shifting of the global narrative is one to look out for, as countries across Europe and the Western world are shifting away from the “liberal world order” and more into an ideologist that puts the concerns of the host over that of the guest. With Brexit and “#AmericaFirst” rhetoric gaining momentum, what is the fate of East Asia? One thing is sure: this is a unique time as ever for Japan to stand on its own two feet.
Topic:: International Cooperation and International Affairs
Political Geography:: Japan and America

22. American Global Primacy and the Rise of India

Author:: Manjeet S. Pardesi
Publication Date:: 03-2017
Content Type:: Special Report
Institution:: East-West Center
Abstract:: As China asserts itself economically and militarily, the United States is faced with maintaining a balance of power in East Asia and safe-guarding its global dominance. In contrast to its competitive position with China, the US relationship with India--projected to be the third-largest economy by 2030--is set on a more collaborative course. American support for a rising India aligns with its broader security and strategic goals. India, for its part, remains intent on achieving a position of regional primacy, but welcomes the US presence in the South Asia/Indian Ocean region. The two nations, for example, have signed an agreement giving each other access to military facilities, and they conduct many bilateral military exercises. These developments are a far cry from the mid-twentieth century, when Jawaharlal Nehru called for the removal of all foreign militaries from Asia. What factors pushed the India-US relationship in this new direction? And what shared interests and goals does the partnership reinforce?
Topic:: International Relations and International Affairs
Political Geography:: America and India

23. The Trump Presidency and the Future of Indo-US Relations

Author:: Pradeep S Mehta and Kyle Cote
Publication Date:: 04-2017
Content Type:: Special Report
Institution:: East-West Center
Abstract:: Less than three months into Donald Trump’s tenure as President of the United States, Indian observers are contempla ng the future of bilateral rela ons with the global leader, not to men on the regional implica ons of the new administra on. Questions arise whether to take Mr Trump’s “America First” rhetoric seriously, or to believe that dealing with a businessman persona will ul mately benefit India’s diplomats, businesses, and citizens. Taking into account such uncertainty and what we’ve seen of Mr. Trump and his team thus far, the path forward for India in key geo‐economics and geopoli cal areas is fraught with challenges. Nevertheless, India has an opportunity to expand and deepen its trade relations, upgrade its domes c capacity, move forward with climate change ac on, and become a leader in the Asia‐Pacific region. Therefore, India must design and implement a clear, internally‐based strategy through an inclusive process to promote open and fair trade and coopera on bilaterally, regionally, and mul laterally.
Topic:: International Relations and International Affairs
Political Geography:: America and India

24. U.S. Trade policy under Trump

Author:: Peter Gibbon and Jakob Vestergaard
Publication Date:: 07-2017
Content Type:: Special Report
Institution:: Danish Institute for International Studies (DIIS)
Abstract:: A few weeks ahead of the Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization (WTO), to be held in Buenos Aires from 10 to 13 December, the international trade community is gripped with a mixture of angst, disbelief and despair. Although US President, Donald Trump, made radical statements during his presidential campaign – including the infamous statement that the “WTO is a disaster” [for the US] – few expected much of that to translate into actual policies when he was elected and appointed President. Yet, this is very much what has in fact happened over the past 10 months.
Topic:: International Affairs
Political Geography:: America

25. Tightening by Stealth: Why keeping the balance sheet of the Federal Reserve constant is equivalent to a gradual exit

Author:: Daniel Gros
Publication Date:: 06-2017
Content Type:: Working Paper
Institution:: Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS)
Abstract:: Exiting from unconventional monetary policies is now a key issue for central banks, and especially for the US Federal Reserve. This paper argues that the Fed already began this exit some time ago, and that the relevant part of its balance sheet has already shrunk by about one-quarter of GDP. Pursuing the current policy of reinvesting would lead to a full exit within ten years.
Topic:: International Affairs and Global Political Economy
Political Geography:: America

26. The U.S.-Japan-ROK Strategic Triangle & Maritime Security: Building Capacity in Northeast Asia and in the Broader Indo-Pacific Region

Author:: Charles Perry and Bobby Anderson
Publication Date:: 02-2017
Content Type:: Special Report
Institution:: Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis (IFPA)
Abstract:: This report summarizes key findings and policy recommendations developed by IFPA over the course of a two-year research and workshop project on the prospects for and future direction of U.S.-Japanese-South Korean maritime cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region.
Topic:: International Affairs and Maritime Commerce
Political Geography:: Japan, America, and South Korea

27. The Trump-Putin Meeting: From Hamburg to Southern Syria

Author:: Zvi Magen and Udi Dekel
Publication Date:: 07-2017
Content Type:: Commentary and Analysis
Institution:: Institute for National Security Studies (INSS)
Abstract:: The arrangement between the United States and Russia over southern Syria represents a test, both for the chances of jumpstarting a coordinated process between the world powers over a future settlement in Syria and for the relations between them on other contested issues. Israel was not mentioned in the context of the ceasefire arrangement, but it has scored several achievements. Nonetheless, Israel is likely to confront an attempt by President Assad to advance forces to southwest Syria and the Golan Heights. Because Assad’s forces rely on help from Iran’s proxies – Shiite militias and Hezbollah – Israel may have to fulfill a counter-threat if any of the red lines it announced are crossed.
Topic:: International Cooperation, International Security, and International Affairs
Political Geography:: Russia and America

28. A New Deal for the Twenty-First Century

Author:: Edward Alden and Robert Litan
Publication Date:: 05-2017
Content Type:: Special Report
Institution:: Council on Foreign Relations
Abstract:: The challenge of how to help those left behind by rapid economic change—whether caused by technology or global competition—has moved to the center of the U.S. national debate in a way it has not been since the 1930s. Trade competition, especially from China, has been a significant factor in declining U.S. manufacturing employment over the past decade. Trade also became a major issue in the 2016 presidential campaign, despite the larger role played by automation and technological change in displacing manufacturing workers for decades. This process will only continue in coming years, with advances in robotics, artificial intelligence, and software that will eliminate many jobs while creating others, regardless of what policies the federal government may adopt toward trade and outsourcing.
Topic:: International Relations and International Affairs
Political Geography:: America

29. United States Policy on Regime Change in Iran

Author:: Ephraim Kam and Zaki Shalom
Publication Date:: 08-2017
Content Type:: Commentary and Analysis
Institution:: Institute for National Security Studies (INSS)
Abstract:: Senior officials within the Iranian regime have long been convinced that American administrations have striven to infiltrate Iran’s internal system and topple the Islamic regime, and this impression has been bolstered of late. For its part, even if the Trump administration has not presented a defined position on regime change in Iran, it undoubtedly has a clear interest in this regard. Yet the US administration has no concrete ability to bring about regime change in Iran in the desired direction – not by supporting internal opposition forces, and certainly not through military intervention. If the Iranian regime does change in the future, it will presumably result from internal processes and not external intervention.
Topic:: War, International Security, and International Affairs
Political Geography:: America and Iran

30. India and the United States in the Trump era: Re-evaluating bilateral and global relations

Author:: Dhruva Jaishankar
Publication Date:: 06-2017
Content Type:: Special Report
Institution:: The Brookings Institution
Abstract:: Donald Trump’s election at a time of growing and converging interests between India and the United States necessitates a re-evaluation of several aspects of Indian domestic and foreign policy. This paper identifies four areas in which Trump’s election affects Indian interests: bilateral relations (encompassing trade, investment, immigration, and technological cooperation), the Asian balance of power, counterterrorism, and global governance. It argues that India must continue to engage with the Trump administration and other stakeholders in the United States—including the U.S. Congress, state governments, and the private sector—in all of these areas. New Delhi must attempt to convince Washington that India’s rise is in American interest. This idea provided the underlying logic behind the Clinton, Bush, and Obama administrations’ engagement with India, but it will be more difficult to sustain given the United States’ new political realities and impulses.
Topic:: International Relations and International Affairs
Political Geography:: America and India

31. The Power of Example: Voices from the Field

Author:: Laura Rosenberger
Publication Date:: 09-2017
Content Type:: Special Report
Institution:: Center for a New American Security (CNAS)
Abstract:: when I chose a career in foreign policy and national security, I never considered the fact that I was entering a historically male-dominated profession. In a purely abstract way I was keenly aware of the continued gender imbalance among decisionmakers who influence national security, but I never thought about my own gendered role in that field, or that anyone might see me as a woman in national security. I was simply a young, driven woman who entered the State Department in the good company of many other young, driven women.
Topic:: Diplomacy, Gender Issues, and International Affairs
Political Geography:: America

32. New Russia Sanctions from Congress

Author:: Elizabeth Rosenberg, Neil Bhatiya, and Edorado Saravalle
Publication Date:: 08-2017
Content Type:: Special Report
Institution:: Center for a New American Security (CNAS)
Abstract:: Congress adopted new sanctions in late July to codify and significantly expand U.S. financial restrictions on Russia and tightly constrain the president’s exercise of policy in this domain. The sanctions bill was driven by concerns over Russia’s interference in U.S. elections and destabilizing aggression abroad, as well as a broadly held belief by legislators that the president is mishandling critical national security issues. With these new sanctions authorities, Congress is taking an unprecedented step to assume greater control over a domain of foreign policy
Topic:: International Relations, International Trade and Finance, International Security, and International Affairs
Political Geography:: Russia and America

33. A View from China on Triangular Relations

Author:: Wang Dong and Sun Bingyan
Publication Date:: 08-2017
Content Type:: Special Report
Institution:: Korea Economic Institute of America (KEI)
Abstract:: What will it take to jump start trilateral talks among Beijing, Seoul, and Washington over the situation on the Korean Peninsula, including the denuclearization of North Korea? If this subject has been on the minds of South Koreans in 2016-17 with some approaching their counterparts in Beijing and Washington, DC in the hope that such triangular talks can be launched—the more official, the better—not many Chinese have addressed what would be necessary to enlist their country in this endeavor. This chapter argues that, at present, China is unprepared to take this route. A major factor is the sense that there are imbalances that complicate the triangle. Beyond the substance of what would be on the agenda, Chinese are concerned by South Korea’s alignment and how it would affect the course of the discussions.
Topic:: International Relations and International Affairs
Political Geography:: China, America, and Korea

34. U.S-Rok economic relations left uncertain amid leadership changes

Author:: Gilbert Rozman
Publication Date:: 08-2017
Content Type:: Special Report
Institution:: Korea Economic Institute of America (KEI)
Abstract:: While the other parts of this book bring China fully into the coverage—diplomacy, national identities, and sanctions—here we narrow the focus on U.S.-ROK relations with an eye to the current uncertainty about the future of the KORUS FTA, the five-year old bilateral trade agreement. Donald Trump has assumed the presidency critical of trade imbalances in goods, including assertions about the negative impact of the FTA with South Korea. It appears that the U.S. side will insist on renegotiating the agreement. In order to assess what this could mean, we take a close look at what the impact of KORUS has been and at how the debate in Washington has been unfolding under Trump’s watch. The three chapters were written in the early spring of 2017; so they could capture only the initial impact of Trump at a time when South Korean leadership was paralyzed between impeachment and the election of a new president without any serious bilateral engagement over economic issues. Yet, as tensions over economics are expected to rise, our objective is to inform the discussion with relevant economic background and with awareness of what Trump has been saying and how it may shape the political debate.
Topic:: International Cooperation and International Affairs
Political Geography:: America and Korea

35. Unpacked: US NAFTA renegotiations

Author:: Joseph Parilla
Publication Date:: 09-2017
Content Type:: Video
Institution:: The Brookings Institution
Abstract:: Brookings Fellow Joseph Parilla discusses the renegotiation of NAFTA 25 years after its creation and explains the importance of NAFTA to the U.S. economy at both the national and local level.
Topic:: International Political Economy and International Affairs
Political Geography:: America and Global Focus

36. The US and the Iran Deal: No Time for Magical Thinking

Author:: Simon Palamar
Publication Date:: 10-2017
Content Type:: Commentary and Analysis
Institution:: Centre for International Governance Innovation
Abstract:: In July 2015, the Islamic Republic of Iran, along with China, France, Germany, Russia, the United Kingdom, the United States and the European Union, signed on to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), an agreement in which Iran would put substantial and verifiable limits on its nuclear science and engineering activities in exchange for sanctions relief. Many observers hailed the agreement as an important — if imperfect — tool for keeping Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons. Former US President Barack Obama argued that “the United States, our partners, and the world are more secure because of the JCPOA.”
Topic:: International Security and International Affairs
Political Geography:: America and Iran

37. Financing the Reagan 600-ship Naval Modernization Program, 1981-89

Author:: William Schneider
Publication Date:: 07-2017
Content Type:: Commentary and Analysis
Institution:: Hudson Institute
Abstract:: Testimony Before the United States Senate Committee on the Armed Services Subcommittee on Seapower
Topic:: International Relations and International Affairs
Political Geography:: America

38. The Current State of Retirement Security in the United States

Author:: Walter Russell Mead
Publication Date:: 04-2017
Content Type:: Commentary and Analysis
Institution:: Hudson Institute
Abstract:: Testimony before the United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Subcommittee on Economic Policy
Topic:: International Affairs
Political Geography:: America

39. When Turnbull meets Trump

Author:: Alan Dupont
Publication Date:: 05-2017
Content Type:: Policy Brief
Institution:: Lowy Institute for International Policy
Abstract:: Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull’s first face-to-face meeting with President Donald Trump is an opportunity to deliver some key messages about the role the United States should play globally and in Asia.
Topic:: International Affairs
Political Geography:: America

40. The Fund for American Studies: Celebrating 50 Years of Educating Leaders Throughout the World

Author:: Roger R Ream
Publication Date:: 04-2017
Content Type:: Commentary and Analysis
Institution:: The Ambassadors Review
Abstract:: The Fund for American Studies (TFAS) was founded in 1967 with a mission focused on influencing the intellectual climate in the world by giving young people entering leadership positions a balanced perspective on political and economic systems. It was founded in the heat of the Cold War and during a period of growing unrest and even violent upheaval on college campuses. Many of the founders of the organization were actively engaged in international programs, including former Congressman Walter Judd and political organizer David R. Jones.
Topic:: International Organization and International Affairs
Political Geography:: America

41. The Power of Rapid-Response Public Diplomacy: The IVLP On Demand

Author:: Monica Damberg-Ott
Publication Date:: 04-2017
Content Type:: Commentary and Analysis
Institution:: The Ambassadors Review
Abstract:: The U.S. Department of State’s International Visitor Leadership Program, or IVLP, is often referred to as the “gold standard” of exchange programs th within the public diplomacy community. The program celebrated its 75 anniversary in 2015, and more than 200,000 International Visitors have engaged with Americans through the IVLP, including more than 505 current or former Chiefs of State or Heads of Government,1 since its inception in 1940. Margaret Thatcher, Hamid Karzai, and Indira Gandhi, to name just a few, are alumni. But with recent budget constraints and the need to demonstrate immediate, results-driven programming, the State Department’s Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs (ECA) is placing greater emphasis on its most flexible rapid-response exchanges. Among those programs is the highly adaptable and policy-responsive option: the IVLP On Demand. So how does it differ from the original model, how does it compare, and how might it help show results more quickly?
Topic:: Diplomacy and International Affairs
Political Geography:: America

42. U.S.-Ghana Relations Are Strong Following December 2016 Elections

Author:: Robert Jackson
Publication Date:: 04-2017
Content Type:: Commentary and Analysis
Institution:: The Ambassadors Review
Abstract:: Ghana is one of the leading democracies on the African continent, with multiple peaceful interparty transitions since the return of multi-party democracy in 1992; a good record on human rights; an apolitical military; and a lively, free media. Ghanaians often note that whenever the Republican Party wins the White House, Ghana’s New Patriotic Party (NPP) wins Jubilee House—a coincidental tradition that held true again in 2016. Ghana’s presidential and parliamentary elections were peaceful, transparent, and credible; U.S. engagement played a critical role in that success, as well as in the resulting peaceful transition of power.
Topic:: International Relations and International Affairs
Political Geography:: America and Ghana

43. The United States and Namibia: Promoting Success in a Young African Democracy

Author:: Thomas F Daughton
Publication Date:: 04-2017
Content Type:: Commentary and Analysis
Institution:: The Ambassadors Review
Abstract:: ust 27 years old, the Republic of Namibia is among Africa’s youngest countries, but one that stands out on the continent for its functioning multiparty democracy, open market economy and history of peaceful transitions of presidential power. The reasons for Namibia’s success lie in the international process that created it and in the pragmatism of its people. That international process and the United States’ involvement in it have also complicated the U.S.-Namibia relationship in the last three decades. But the United States has long recognized that an investment in the success of a country like Namibia is a strategic long-term investment in our own security. With that in mind, the United States has invested heavily since Namibian independence in 1990 to help ensure that the young country succeeds.
Topic:: International Affairs
Political Geography:: America and Ghana

44. The United States and Colombia: A Special Relationship

Author:: Juan Pinzón Carlos
Publication Date:: 04-2017
Content Type:: Commentary and Analysis
Institution:: The Ambassadors Review
Abstract:: The world has changed for Colombia. For the first time in more than 50 years, we are a nation building a lasting and stable peace. What has not changed is the special relationship Colombia shares with the United States. As the oldest and strongest democracies in the Western Hemisphere, the relationship between our two countries is deeply rooted in our steadfast commitment to the shared values of democracy, freedom and equality.
Topic:: International Affairs
Political Geography:: America and Colombia

45. Take the Money and Run

Author:: Jacqueline L. Hazelton
Publication Date:: 09-2017
Content Type:: Research Paper
Institution:: Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard University
Abstract:: How can the United States best assure its interests abroad when a partner state faces an insurgency? The question has vexed policymakers, military officers, and scholars throughout the Cold War and into the post–9/11 era. When the United States finds its military might turned against itself by insurgents, as in Iraq and Afghanistan, thoughts often turn to the small U.S.-supported counterinsurgency campaign in El Salvador from 1979 to 1992. The Salvadoran government defended itself against Marxist-nationalist-liberal-socialist rebels in a civil war that ended in a peace deal. The small-footprint U.S. intervention is appealing as an alternative to the tens of thousands of troops deployed in bigger quagmires. Conventional wisdom says that the brutal, repressive Salvadoran government instituted liberalizing, democratizing reforms to defeat the insurgency. Analysis of contemporaneous documents and interviews with participants, however, reveals that the campaign is a poor model for future U.S. interventions, for three reasons. First, the government retained power by waging a war of terrorism and attrition against insurgents and civilians alike. Second, Salvadoran elites resisted U.S. pressure for reforms. Third, chance rather than U.S. choices played a significant role in the war's outcome, meaning that replication of the pattern of events is unlikely.
Topic:: International Affairs
Political Geography:: America

46. “Alternative” Strategic Perceptions in U.S.-China Relations

Author:: David J. Firestein and Euhwa Tran
Publication Date:: 05-2017
Content Type:: Commentary and Analysis
Institution:: EastWest Institute
Abstract:: The EastWest Institute has released a new report on U.S.-China relations—"Alternative” Strategic Perceptions in U.S.-China Relations. The report lays out the differing strategic perceptions of the United States and China with respect to some of the most topical and challenging issues on the U.S.-China agenda today. These starkly differing perceptions inform and exacerbate actual policy and fuel mistrust and broad mutual strategic suspicion. By exposing the diverging perceptions of the two countries and bringing those perceptions into the fabric of bilateral discourse more explicitly and honestly, this report creates the basis for a more honest, substantive, constructive, fruitful and mutually beneficial dialogue.
Topic:: International Political Economy and International Affairs
Political Geography:: China and America

47. Dialogue on U.S.-China Infrastructure Cooperation

Author:: Natalie Pretzer-Lin
Publication Date:: 03-2017
Content Type:: Policy Brief
Institution:: EastWest Institute
Abstract:: On March 13, 2017, the EastWest Institute (EWI), in concert with the China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations (CICIR), convened the first ever conference on prospects for infrastructure cooperation between the United States and China. This conference, held in Beijing, brought together a U.S. delegation comprising investment and infrastructure experts—some of whom have advised the Trump administration on infrastructure—with Chinese counterparts from a number of private sector and state-owned enterprises. Discussion throughout the conference focused on the policy priorities of the Trump Administration; the Trump administration’s vision for the development of U.S. infrastructure; the current state of U.S.-China relations; and opportunities, challenges and recommendations for U.S.-China infrastructure cooperation.
Topic:: International Affairs
Political Geography:: China and America

48. Issues & Insights Vol. 17 - No. 1 - 4th US/UK-Myanmar Nonproliferation Dialogue

Author:: Carl W Baker and Federica Dall’ Arche
Publication Date:: 01-2017
Content Type:: Special Report
Institution:: Center for Strategic and International Studies
Abstract:: There have been remarkable transformations in UK/US-Myanmar relations over the past few years with the signing of trade agreements, lifting of sanctions, and investments. Nevertheless, some issues such as the government’s alleged violations of the human rights of minority ethnic groups have prevented better relations. There is currently a fairly wide gap in perceptions regarding the issue of human rights violations in the Rakine State. While some outsiders accuse the government of genocide or ethnic cleansing, the Myanmar government has consistently portrayed its actions as justified based on the need for counterterrorism measures against international terrorists. An open dialogue over these
Topic:: Nuclear Weapons, International Security, International Affairs, and Nuclear Power
Political Geography:: Britain, America, and Myanmar

49. The US’ special relationships in Europe

Author:: Mikkel Runge Olesen and Matthew Hinds
Publication Date:: 01-2017
Content Type:: Policy Brief
Institution:: Danish Institute for International Studies (DIIS)
Abstract:: The election of Donald Trump as US president was met with considerable unease in Europe. This has not least been the case among those who, like the UK and Denmark, consider themselves among America’s closest allies. In the policy brief, Matthew Hinds and Mikkel Runge Olesen take stock of the US special relationships in Europe – large and small. In the policy brief they discuss both the classical “Special Relationship” between the US and the UK, as well as the US-Danish relationship, as an example of a small power that has chosen to give the relationship to the superpower premium priority. Hinds and Runge Olesen find that Trump may destabilize relations, but also that he may open up for new opportunities as well – especially for the UK.
Topic:: International Relations and International Affairs
Political Geography:: Britain, America, and Europe

50. Combating Terrorism and Alleviating Human Suffering in Syria

Author:: Andrew J. Tabler
Publication Date:: 02-2017
Content Type:: Policy Brief
Institution:: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy
Abstract:: In this new Transition 2017 paper, Institute expert Andrew J. Tabler argues that Syria remains de facto partitioned, making the establishment of safe zones in non-Assad-controlled areas the Trump administration's most expedient course of action. Moreover, it would further Washington's cause to drive a wedge into the country's Russia-Iran alliance, and both isolate and pressure the Assad regime. If Washington's objectives in Syria are to defeat U.S.-designated terrorist groups and stem the outflow of refugees, President Bashar al-Assad is under no circumstances the right person to entrust with these missions. Simply in practical terms, he lacks the manpower to retake and hold the two-thirds of Syrian territory outside his control any time soon, despite having sufficient support from Russia and Iran to maintain control in large parts of the country. But more important, Assad is an avowed adversary of the West, undeserving of its cooperation.
Topic:: International Relations, Civil War, International Security, International Affairs, and Neoimperialism
Political Geography:: Russia, America, Iran, and Syria

51. Rebuilding Alliances and Countering Threats in the Gulf

Author:: Lori Plotkin Boghardt and Simon Henderson
Publication Date:: 02-2017
Content Type:: Policy Brief
Institution:: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy
Abstract:: The Trump administration has an opportunity to reset, tighten, and maximize America's strategic relations with the Gulf states. For the United States, expanded security cooperation and coordination could be a force multiplier in campaigns to achieve key policy goals, such as countering Iran's destabilizing policies and defeating the Islamic State. Gulf leaders have expressed optimism over the new administration's gestures, despite its "America First" rhetoric. But the administration also faces challenges, including those brought about by its own emphasis on "radical Islamic terrorism." This two-part Transition 2017 paper, featuring contributions by Gulf experts Lori Plotkin Boghardt and Simon Henderson, navigates the complex U.S.-Gulf relationship. The first essay provides an overview of its basic tenets, stressing the importance of rapport to bilateral ties and discussing key policy priorities. The second essay narrows the focus to the Washington-Riyadh link, the most important U.S. tie with the conservative Gulf. It analyzes differences in viewpoint, policy options, and some anticipated Saudi responses on the core issues of oil, terrorism, Iran, Yemen, Syria, Gulf allies, and the Sunni bloc.
Topic:: International Relations, International Cooperation, International Security, and International Affairs
Political Geography:: America and Middle East

52. General Principles to Guide U.S. Middle East Policy

Author:: James F. Jeffrey and Dennis Ross
Publication Date:: 01-2017
Content Type:: Commentary and Analysis
Institution:: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy
Abstract:: Given the unprecedented turmoil and uncertainty afflicting the Middle East, the new administration will need to devote particular care and urgency to understanding the essence of America's interests in the region, and applying clear principles in pursuing them. This is the advice offered by two U.S. diplomats with a distinguished record of defending those interests under various administrations. As Trump and his team take office, they face a regional state system that is under assault by proxy wars that reflect geopolitical rivalries and conflicts over basic identity. Rarely has it been more important for a new administration to articulate clear goals and principles, and Ambassadors James Jeffrey and Dennis Ross outline both in this transition paper. With 30 percent of the world's hydrocarbons still flowing from the Middle East, safeguarding that supply remains a critical U.S. national security interest, along with preventing nuclear proliferation, countering terrorism, and preserving stability. In their view, the best way to pursue these interests is to emphasize a coherent set of guiding principles, namely:
Topic:: International Relations, Diplomacy, International Security, and International Affairs
Political Geography:: America and Middle East

53. President Trump and the Middle East: Views from Israel

Author:: The Washington Institute for East Policy
Publication Date:: 01-2017
Content Type:: Video
Institution:: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy
Abstract:: The conflict in Syria, the war on ISIS, Israeli settlements, relocating the U.S. Embassy to Jerusalem, the stalled Israeli-Palestinian peace process, Iranian regional influence -- all contentious issues at the top of the U.S. foreign policy agenda in the Middle East. During this January 30 policy forum, Israeli Regional Cooperation Minister Tzachi Hanegbi -- a confidant of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu -- and former Israeli ambassador to the United States Itamar Rabinovich offer their perspectives on these challenges and others confronting President Trump in the region. Tzachi Hanegbi has just been named Israel's cabinet minister for regional cooperation. A close confidant of Prime Minister Netanyahu, he has held a variety of cabinet portfolios in the past, and served most recently as chairman of the Knesset Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee. Itamar Rabinovich is a former Israeli ambassador to Washington and founding president of the Israel Institute. A renowned expert on Syria, he once headed Israeli peace talks with Damascus. He has also served as president of Tel Aviv University, where he is now a professor emeritus of Middle Eastern history. David Makovsky is the Institute's Ziegler Distinguished Fellow and Director of its Project on the Middle East Peace Process, and the Irwin Levy Family Program on the U.S.-Israel Strategic Relationship.
Topic:: International Relations, International Security, and International Affairs
Political Geography:: America and Middle East

54. Russian Active Measures and Influence Campaigns

Author:: Eugene B. Rumer
Publication Date:: 03-2017
Content Type:: Special Report
Institution:: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Abstract:: Deception and active measures in all their incarnations have long been and will remain a staple of Russia’s dealings with the outside world for the foreseeable future.
Topic:: Diplomacy, International Security, International Affairs, Elections, Democracy, and Post Truth Politics
Political Geography:: Russia and America

55. Trends in US Congressional Support for Israel

Author:: Amnon Cavari and Elan Nyer
Publication Date:: 06-2016
Content Type:: Special Report
Institution:: The Begin-Sadat Centre for Strategic Studies (BESA)
Abstract:: American political leaders have supported the “special relationship” between the US and Israel since the earliest days of Israel’s existence. Support for Israel is invariably invoked during presidential campaigns and in party platforms. During their terms in office, US presidents regularly address issues relating to Israel and assert their commitment to Israel’s security.
Topic:: International Cooperation, International Security, and International Affairs
Political Geography:: America and Israel

56. Shared Border, Shared Future: A Blueprint to Regulate US-Mexico Labor Mobility

Author:: Carlos Gutierrez, Ernesto Zedillo, and Michael Clemens
Publication Date:: 09-2016
Content Type:: Special Report
Institution:: Center for Global Development
Abstract:: Mexico and the United States have lacked a bilateral agreement to regulate cross-border labor mobility since 1965. Since that time, unlawful migration from Mexico to the US has exploded. Almost half of the 11.7 million Mexican-born individuals living in the U.S. do not have legal authorization. This vast black market in labor has harmed both countries. These two neighboring countries, with an indisputably shared destiny, can come together to work out a better way. The time has come for a lasting, innovative, and cooperative solution. To address this challenge, the Center for Global Development assembled a group of leaders from both countries and with diverse political affiliations—from backgrounds in national security, labor unions, law, economics, business, and diplomacy—to recommend how to move forward. The result is a new blueprint for a bilateral agreement that is designed to end unlawful migration, promote the interests of U.S. and Mexican workers, and uphold the rule of law.
Topic:: International Political Economy, International Affairs, Labor Issues, and Border Control
Political Geography:: America and Mexico

57. A Canadian Agenda for the USA: Obama and Beyond

Author:: Colin Robertson
Publication Date:: 03-2016
Content Type:: Policy Brief
Institution:: Canadian Global Affairs Institute (CGAI)
Abstract:: Prime Minister Justin Trudeau can use this week’s Washington Summit to advance Canadian interests with the Obama Administration. Successful outcomes in Washington will also help to set both the agenda and right mood for the upcoming North American Leaders Summit and, next January, for opening discussions with the next U.S. Administration. A Canadian action agenda is outlined below followed by background and historical analysis. Specific initiatives are grouped in four baskets: Security; Trade and Economic; Climate and the North; and Getting It Done.
Topic:: International Relations and International Affairs
Political Geography:: America and Canada

58. A Primer to the North American Leaders’ Summit (NALS)

Author:: Colin Robertson
Publication Date:: 06-2016
Content Type:: Policy Brief
Institution:: Canadian Global Affairs Institute (CGAI)
Abstract:: On Wednesday, June 29th, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau will host US President Barack Obama and Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto for the tenth North American Leaders’ Summit (NALS). All three leaders want this meeting to succeed. For President Obama, it will advance his climate agenda continentally and help to cement his legacy in managing good neighbourhood relations. Climate also rates high in President Peña Nieto’s agenda, along with improving access for Mexican goods and mobility for Mexicans within North America. In terms of Canada-Mexico relations, President Peña Nieto expects Prime Minister Trudeau to announce the lifting of the obnoxious Canadian visa requirement. For Prime Minister Trudeau, making his debut as host of a multilateral summit, it is another demonstration that ‘Canada is back’. He must reset the Mexican relationship by announcing the long-promised lifting of the visa. He will get to know Enrique Peña Nieto better (they met briefly at November’s G20 summit and they were friendly ‘rivals’ for ‘APEC ‘hottie’ at the subsequent Manila summit). The summit represents another opportunity for ‘face-time’ with Barack Obama with whom he has quickly established a strong personal friendship and to reciprocate the hospitality of the White House meetings and state dinner in March. The North American summit comes within a week of the Brexit referendum. It will offer an opportunity for the three leaders to demonstrate a different kind of continental integration – less centralized, less bureaucratic – but still successful in mutually advancing economic prosperity that reinforces the sovereignty of each member.
Topic:: International Relations, International Political Economy, and International Affairs
Political Geography:: America and Canada

59. Clinton or Trump: Canada’s Energy Relations with the US

Author:: Colin Robertson
Publication Date:: 11-2016
Content Type:: Policy Brief
Institution:: Canadian Global Affairs Institute (CGAI)
Abstract:: Energy, the environment, and climate change will figure prominently in Canada-US relations after January 20, 2017. The environmental movement will continue to press for ‘environmental justice’ –which means different things to different groups - in alignment with allies, especially indigenous peoples. Regardless of whether it is a Clinton or Trump presidency, Canadian leadership - provincial, federal, and private sector - must pro-actively advance our interests with Congress, the Administration and its agencies, and with state governments. Both Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump plan to spend a lot of money on infrastructure, including that related to energy. US business likes this idea. A majority of Republicans and Democrats, in both the Senate and House, as well as governors, would like more money devoted to infrastructure. Again, there will be opportunities for collaboration, improving North America’s relative competitiveness. Trade figured prominently throughout the campaign with Hillary Clinton stating that she would not accept the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) in its current form and would appoint a ‘Trade Prosecutor’. Donald Trump has declared he will “tear up” the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and not sign the TPP. Regardless of who becomes president, we can expect more US protectionist trade action whether aimed directly at Canada - levies on softwood lumber are coming soon - or indirectly, as we recently experienced on aluminum when the US took aim at China.
Topic:: International Relations and International Affairs
Political Geography:: America and Canada

60. Russia-U.S. Relations After the Election: “We Will Be Ready for a New Start”

Author:: S Ryabkov
Publication Date:: 12-2016
Content Type:: Special Report
Institution:: East View Information Services
Abstract:: Russia-U.S. Relations After the Election
Topic:: International Cooperation and International Affairs
Political Geography:: Russia and America

61. Statement on the Democratic National Committee Hack

Author:: Aspen Institute
Publication Date:: 07-2016
Content Type:: Special Report
Institution:: Aspen Institute
Abstract:: The Aspen Institute Homeland Security Group’s statement on the Democratic National Committee Hack.
Topic:: International Affairs and Democracy
Political Geography:: America

62. Corruption: A Danger to Democracy in Europe and Eurasia

Author:: Christopher Davidson
Publication Date:: 12-2016
Content Type:: Commentary and Analysis
Institution:: Hudson Institute
Abstract:: Testimony before the U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Europe, Eurasia, and Emerging Threats
Topic:: International Affairs
Political Geography:: America

63. America's Insatiable Demand for Drugs: Examining Alternative Approaches

Author:: David W Murray
Publication Date:: 06-2016
Content Type:: Commentary and Analysis
Institution:: Hudson Institute
Abstract:: Testimony before the U.S. Senate Committee on Homeland Security & Governmental Affairs
Topic:: War on Drugs and International Affairs
Political Geography:: America

64. A Legislative Hearing on Four Communications Bills

Author:: Robert M McDowell
Publication Date:: 01-2016
Content Type:: Commentary and Analysis
Institution:: Hudson Institute
Abstract:: Testimony before the U.S. House Committee on Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology
Topic:: International Affairs
Political Geography:: America

65. 9th U.S.-China High-Level Political Party Leaders Dialogue

Author:: Natalie Pretzer-Lin
Publication Date:: 11-2016
Content Type:: Special Report
Institution:: EastWest Institute
Abstract:: A delegation of senior officials from the Communist Party of China (CPC) met with U.S. Democratic and Republican Party leaders and global business leaders in Washington, D.C., on November 14, 2016. These discussions were part of the U.S.-China High-Level Political Party Leaders Dialogue organized by the EastWest Institute (EWI) in partnership with the International Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (IDCPC) and was the ninth round of this dialogue process.
Topic:: International Affairs
Political Geography:: China and America

66. A Bond Worth Strengthening Understanding the Mexican Military and U.S.-Mexican Military Cooperation

Author:: Iñigo Guevara Moyano
Publication Date:: 10-2016
Content Type:: Special Report
Institution:: The Wilson Center
Abstract:: Over the past decade, the Mexican military has been crafted into hardened and more professional military, skilled in fourth generation warfare, operating across the spectrum of conflict from surgical small-unit Special Forces missions to division-level stability operations in areas comparable in size to Belgium. As new—state and non-state—threats loom on the horizon, the U.S. and Mexican militaries will need to rely on deepening their connection and increasing bilateral trust to build a stronger and interdependent defense relationship. The increase in dialogue and cooperation builds trust and promotes mutual understanding between Mexico and the United States, crafting deep ties between both militaries during a time when the radicalization of political ideas threatens to transcend electoral campaign rhetoric and affect the economic and social fields of North America. For two neighbors that share an annual trade worth USD 534 billion along a 2,000-mile border, understanding each other’s strengths and weaknesses should be a priority. This paper is meant to provide a deeper understanding of the Mexican military and its contribution to the defense and security of North America. It does so by analyzing the evolution of Mexico’s armed forces, and the past and present cooperation between the Mexican and the U.S. militaries.
Topic:: International Cooperation, International Affairs, Armed Forces, and Military Affairs
Political Geography:: America and Mexico

67. Back from the Brink Toward Restraint and Dialogue between Russia and the West

Author:: William Perry and Deep Cuts Commission
Publication Date:: 06-2016
Content Type:: Special Report
Institution:: The Brookings Institution
Abstract:: This report contains a number of bold proposals on how to better manage relations between the West and Russia in order to avert worst-case scenarios. Specifying that cooperative solutions are pos- sible without giving up on the fundamental interests of each side, it warrants a close look by officials in both Moscow and Washington.
Topic:: International Relations, International Cooperation, International Security, International Affairs, and Geopolitics
Political Geography:: Russia, America, Europe, and Global Focus

68. Survival of the fittest: Trump’s not-so-simple nationalism

Author:: Vibeke Schou Tjalve
Publication Date:: 11-2016
Content Type:: Policy Brief
Institution:: Danish Institute for International Studies (DIIS)
Abstract:: Despite the general impression that the US president-elect Donald Trump has given us very little clue to predict his foreign policy doctrine, a guiding framework behind his scattered statements does exist. In this DIIS Policy Brief, Senior Researcher Vibeke Schou Tjalve takes a closer look at the surprisingly consistent philosophy of power and interest that Trump has aired during the past two decades. Trump is labelled a ‘nationalist’ and an ‘isolationist’. These are understandable labels, and yet: Trump is not your classical cultural-conservative nostalgic with deep veneration for old alliances or shared norms. His American nationalism does not linger on the memories of the New World European roots. Rather, it is founded on a deeply Darwinist conception of the world as a cutthroat competition, in which raw strength - not cultural characteristics – matters. As such, Trump will have no sentimentality for NATO or Europe, and he will view the world through largely value-neutral eyes. This leaves Europe with a defining set of questions, and to influence a Trump presidency, we should understand and appreciate this not-so-simple nationalism, Tjalve writes.
Topic:: International Relations, Nationalism, International Affairs, and Political Theory
Political Geography:: America and Global Focus

69. The United States and Estonia: Partners for Peace and Prosperity

Author:: Jr. James D. Melville
Publication Date:: 09-2016
Content Type:: Commentary and Analysis
Institution:: Council of American Ambassadors
Abstract:: In August, Estonia marked 25 years since the end of Soviet occupation and the restoration of its national institutions. Estonia’s rapid reintegration with the West as a sovereign, stable, and prosperous democracy is nothing short of remarkable, and it serves as an inspiration to other nations. Theirs is a journey made possible through disciplined leadership, solid regulatory frameworks, strategic decisions, and a steadfast commitment to being a contributing member of European, transatlantic, and international alliances. Our partnership is one of allies with synchronized goals and values, a rare combination that gives both countries leverage to do even more.
Topic:: International Relations, Diplomacy, International Cooperation, and International Affairs
Political Geography:: America and Estonia

70. “Caught Trying” in Denmark: The Case for Taking Risks in Using Non-Traditional US Diplomacy to Meet Global Challenges

Author:: Rufus Gifford
Publication Date:: 09-2016
Content Type:: Commentary and Analysis
Institution:: Council of American Ambassadors
Abstract:: Denmark is one of America’s closest partners. Near the pinnacle of global indices of wealth, well-being, and democracy, Denmark is uniquely positioned to work alongside the United States in support of our shared approaches to addressing 21st century global challenges. It is the only Nordic country that is a member of all three vital multinational organizations: NATO, EU, and Arctic Council. Denmark very much reinforces President Obama’s now-famous foreign policy quote in the April 2016 edition of The Atlantic: “If only everyone could be like the Scandinavians, this would all be easy.”
Topic:: Diplomacy, International Cooperation, and International Affairs
Political Geography:: America and Denmark

71. The United States and Canada: The Strength of Partnership

Author:: Bruce A. Heyman
Publication Date:: 09-2016
Content Type:: Commentary and Analysis
Institution:: Council of American Ambassadors
Abstract:: Canada is arguably our most important bilateral relationship. Our exceptional and unique ties are rooted in a common border that stretches for 5,525 miles, over 200 years of closely interwoven history and culture, our largest economic relationship worldwide, our similar values. We have amazingly intertwined supply chains; we work closely as NATO allies; and partner extensively to address global challenges. As President Obama put it during Prime Minister Trudeau’s visit to Washington in March 2016, “Of course, no two nations agree on everything...But in terms of our interests, our values, how we approach the world, few countries match up the way the United States and Canada do.”
Topic:: Diplomacy, International Cooperation, International Political Economy, and International Affairs
Political Geography:: America and Canada

72. Innovation: Key to a 21st Century Alliance

Author:: John Berry
Publication Date:: 09-2016
Content Type:: Commentary and Analysis
Institution:: Council of American Ambassadors
Abstract:: Over 200 years ago, one of our founding fathers Benjamin Franklin urged us to innovate, with the warning: “When you’re finished changing, you’re finished.” One of our greatest presidents, Abraham Lincoln, was not only a talented statesman, he was an inventor and tinkerer extraordinaire. Innovation lies at the very heart of what it means to be an American. From the beginning, our country was a grand experiment. We believed then—and now—that freedom plus hard work equals progress. Innovation, invention, and creativity help turn progress into success.
Topic:: Development, Diplomacy, International Cooperation, and International Affairs
Political Geography:: America and Global Focus

73. Celebrating Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s Good Neighbor Policy

Author:: William J. vanden Heuvel
Publication Date:: 09-2016
Content Type:: Commentary and Analysis
Institution:: Council of American Ambassadors
Abstract:: On January 6, 1941, President Roosevelt came before the Congress and gave us a vision of the world that would be worthy of our civilization. He spoke—simply, eloquently—of a nation dedicated to the Four Freedom everywhere in the world
Topic:: International Relations, Diplomacy, and International Affairs
Political Geography:: America

74. The US in the Asia-Pacific: Continuing rebalance towards a region in flux

Author:: Bart Gaens
Publication Date:: 11-2016
Content Type:: Commentary and Analysis
Institution:: Finnish Institute of International Affairs
Abstract:: The evolving Asia-Pacific region is marked by increased balancing strategies, the forging of flexible partnerships between countries, and economic interconnectedness. In order to retain a central role and achieve a new equilibrium, the US will need to adapt to these changes.
Topic:: International Cooperation, International Affairs, Geopolitics, and Political stability
Political Geography:: America and Asia-Pacific

75. Election Hacking in Democracies: The example of the U.S. 2016 elections

Author:: Mika Aaltola and Mariita Mattiisen
Publication Date:: 10-2016
Content Type:: Policy Brief
Institution:: Finnish Institute of International Affairs
Abstract:: The US, as a highly digitalized state, depends on different cyber platforms for election campaigning, political discussions, forming popular opinions, and – in some cases – the voting process itself. Geopolitically motivated election hacking can aim to influence the direction of foreign policy debates, to promote/demote candidate(s), and to instigate disruptions, suspicions, and distrust towards the election process or the democratic system. The strategic aim to lower democratic appeal and increase the attraction of autocratic "stability”. A state sponsor of hacking can demonstrate that it has sophisticated cyber capabilities, thereby promoting its own major power standing. Even if its efforts raise suspicions, it gains visibility, as its efforts are discussed in the media and it manages to insert itself into the election discussions. The state sponsor can subtly promote the images of its own type of political system as being comparatively more resilient and stable than the US democratic system. The relative success of the election hacking targeting the US might motivate scaling up the intensity and scope of similar operations in future democratic elections. At a minimum, the election hacking incidents point to a scenario that has to be taken seriously.
Topic:: International Relations, Corruption, International Affairs, Elections, and Democracy
Political Geography:: America

76. Possible Benefits of American Parameters for the Two-State Solution.

Author:: Mitvim
Publication Date:: 10-2016
Content Type:: Commentary and Analysis
Institution:: Mitvim: The Israeli Institute for Regional Foreign Policies
Abstract:: As US President Barack Obama’s term in office is nearing its end, he may choose to present parameters for an Israeli-Palestinian final-status agreement before departing from the White House, similar to what President Bill Clinton did in 2000. The window of opportunity for this is between the US presidential elections (November 8, 2016) to the inauguration of the next president (January 20, 2017).
Topic:: Conflict Resolution, International Cooperation, International Affairs, and Fragile States
Political Geography:: America, Israel, and Palestine

77. Committed: U.S. Foreign Policy in Asia and Completing the Rebalance

Author:: Shihoko Goto, Robert Daly, Michael Kugelman, Sandy Pho, Meg Lundsager, Robert Litwak, Robert Person, and James Person
Publication Date:: 09-2016
Content Type:: Special Report
Institution:: The Wilson Center
Abstract:: The United States is a Pacific power. It may be so reluctantly, but its continued military, political, and economic engagement has been key to Asia’s stability and prosperity. Ensuring that the Asia-Pacific remains robust politically and economically will be in the United States’ own interest, and will be a key foreign policy challenge for any administration. The realities on the ground in Asia, though, are rapidly changing. The region has become increasingly divided, and rivalries are manifesting themselves in territorial disputes, competition for resources, as well as a growing arms race. Having overtaken Japan as the world’s second-largest economy, China has sought to become as much a political and military power as much as an economic one. Beijing’s vision for the region puts China at its center, which has led to rifts in relations among Asian nations, not to mention Sino-U.S. relations. Continued stability in the region cannot be taken for granted. Washington must continue to be committed to Asia, not least amid growing concerns about North Korea’s nuclear aspirations, maritime disputes, and alternative visions for economic development.
Topic:: Foreign Policy, International Cooperation, International Political Economy, and International Affairs
Political Geography:: America and Asia

78. European defence core groups

Author:: Margriet Drent, Anne Bakker, and Dick Zandee
Publication Date:: 11-2016
Content Type:: Policy Brief
Institution:: Clingendael Netherlands Institute of International Relations
Abstract:: The why, what & how of permanent structured cooperation The deteriorating security situation around Europe and the burgeoning messages from Washington that Europe has to take more responsibility for its own security call for a step change in European defence cooperation. So far, progress has been too slow. This policy brief argues that permanent structured cooperation (Pesco) offers the option to take a more ambitious and more productive route by member states willing to move forward more quickly, set more demanding objectives and commit themselves more strongly. This would end the well-known ‘voluntary basis’ which has often been used as an excuse for doing little or nothing at all.
Topic:: International Relations, Terrorism, International Security, International Affairs, and Political and institutional effectiveness
Political Geography:: America and European Union

79. Major developments in the US and China and US-China Relations Amidst Turmoil in the International Order (US-China Project)

Author:: Japan Institute for International Affairs
Publication Date:: 01-2016
Content Type:: Policy Brief
Institution:: Japan Institute Of International Affairs (JIIA)
Abstract:: The rise of emerging countries, above all the precipitous rise of China, is a key driving force behind changes in international relations on a global scope. This does not mean, however, that China is taking over the reins of “hegemony” from the US and building a new international order centered on China and other emerging countries, i.e., that a clear-cut “power transition” is underway.
Topic:: International Relations and International Affairs
Political Geography:: China and America

80. Sub-project I. Domestic factors influencing US foreign policy (US Study Group)

Author:: Japan Institute for International Affairs
Publication Date:: 01-2016
Content Type:: Policy Brief
Institution:: Japan Institute Of International Affairs (JIIA)
Abstract:: With President Obama’s second term coming to an end, 2016 will mark a major turning point for US politics and foreign policy. Republican majorities in both the House of Representatives and the Senate since the 2014 mid-term elections have made the Obama administration a “lame duck” but, with no concerns about re-election, the administration is now using its “free hand” to issue executive orders and exercise presidential authority for the sake of “legacy building” through, say, revisions to the Immigration Act and normalization of diplomatic relations with Cuba.
Topic:: International Relations and International Affairs
Political Geography:: America

81. Sub-project III: US-China Relations and International Relations Involving the US and China (US-China Relations Study Group)

Author:: Japan Institute for International Affairs
Publication Date:: 01-2016
Content Type:: Policy Brief
Institution:: Japan Institute Of International Affairs (JIIA)
Abstract:: Two of the most important variables influencing trends within the international order are the domestic circumstances within the US and China and the foreign policy shifts stemming therefrom. An element of equal or perhaps even greater significance is the nature of relations between these two major powers.
Topic:: International Affairs
Political Geography:: China and America

82. 2016 Presidential Race Reveals the Systemic Crisis in American Society

Author:: Andrey Korobkov
Publication Date:: 01-2016
Content Type:: Commentary and Analysis
Institution:: Rethinking Russia
Abstract:: The 2016 electoral campaign outcome came like a complete bolt out of the blue for the American establishment, including the ruling elites, as well as academics, journalists, and other groups safeguarding the elites’ interests. Ironically, the showy campaign and the scandalous behavior of US billionaire and TV star Donald Trump, now 45th President-elect, overshadowed the fact that such a candidate per se exposed a deep systemic crisis in American society. Both the general public and professionals had overlooked the phenomenon. The crisis is caused by the exhausted potential of the US political and socio-economic system, which took shape in the 1960s and is over 50 years old. That is why the problems that the campaign laid bare will not merely fade away after the elections.
Topic:: International Relations, International Organization, International Affairs, and Elections
Political Geography:: America

83. Beyond the confrontation. Interview with Edward Luttwak

Author:: Edward Luttwak
Publication Date:: 01-2016
Content Type:: Commentary and Analysis
Institution:: Rethinking Russia
Abstract:: In the recent months the US-Russian relations have been in this weird place where Russia suddenly emerged again as a topic of a heated and very controversial electoral campaign and again in a form of an Evil Empire. The relations have been strained since 2014 following the events in Crimea, Ukraine and the sanctions rounds even though the same two countries managed to cooperate around Iran, and were rubbing shoulders in Syria. The recent storm has been caused by the leakage of the Democratic party emails, allegedly done by Moscow with the end goal to undermine Hillary Clinton (who is holding firm anti-Russian position) and support Donald Trump (who has praised Vladimir Putin in the past). With the elections taking place this week, Rethinking Russia spoke to an influential Republican geostrategist, CSIS senior associate Edward Luttwak about the current state of the Russian-American elections.
Topic:: International Relations, International Cooperation, and International Affairs
Political Geography:: Russia and America

84. Less is Better in US-Russian Relations Today

Author:: Thomas Graham
Publication Date:: 01-2016
Content Type:: Commentary and Analysis
Institution:: Rethinking Russia
Abstract:: Beware of rapid improvement in US-Russian relations. It cannot be sustained, and it always ends in sorrow for both countries. That at least is the history of relations since the end of the Cold War, to which each American president – Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama – can attest.
Topic:: International Relations, International Organization, and International Affairs
Political Geography:: Russia and America

85. Comments Following Hot on the Heels of Donald Trump’s Triumph

Author:: Andrey Korobkov
Publication Date:: 01-2016
Content Type:: Commentary and Analysis
Institution:: Rethinking Russia
Abstract:: The 58th quadrennial U.S. presidential elections were held on November 8, 2016. Republican Donald Trump won the White House. Following the elections, «Rethinking Russia» think-tank has collected a set of comments by Russian and foreign experts.
Topic:: International Relations, International Organization, and International Affairs
Political Geography:: America

86. Moldova to choose between East and West

Author:: Danielle Ryan
Publication Date:: 01-2016
Content Type:: Commentary and Analysis
Institution:: Rethinking Russia
Abstract:: As the world comes to terms with the knowledge that Donald Trump will soon be handed the keys to the White House, Moldovans are preparing to vote in a runoff presidential election which will set their country either on a firmly pro-Western course or on the path toward better relations with Russia.
Topic:: International Relations, International Security, and International Affairs
Political Geography:: America and Moldavia

87. U.S. Policy in a Changing World

Author:: A. Kortunov and A. Frolov
Publication Date:: 12-2015
Content Type:: Special Report
Institution:: East View Information Services
Abstract:: The U.S. foreign policy today has fallen on hard times. The world is entering a new era with a lot of totally new challenges, including untraditional challenges that the U.S. leadership is faced with. In some instances, Washington manages to fit into ongoing processes while in others, the situation starts to follow a different scenario and then this policy, which is based on a number of important and fundamental principles, begins to founder.
Topic:: International Relations and International Affairs
Political Geography:: America

88. The United States and Ukraine—A Long, Hard Slog

Author:: Eugene Rumer
Publication Date:: 05-2015
Content Type:: Working Paper
Institution:: Arnold A. Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies
Abstract:: Eugene Rumer’s paper focuses on American foreign policy choices, notably the complexity of pursuing objectives, some of which cannot easily be reconciled: helping to consolidate democracy and promote economic reform in Ukraine, contributing to Ukraine’s stability, reassuring nervous NATO allies, and avoiding a confrontation with Russia. Given these goals, Rumer asks, what would constitute a sensible strategy, and how should it be pursued?
Topic:: International Relations, Foreign Policy, International Security, and International Affairs
Political Geography:: America and Ukraine

89. Preserving Ukraine’s Independence, Resisting Russian Aggression: What the United States and NATO Must Do

Author:: Ivo Daalder, Michèle Flournoy, John Herbst, Jan Lodal, and Steve Pifer
Publication Date:: 02-2015
Content Type:: Research Paper
Institution:: Chicago Council on Global Affairs
Abstract:: This report is the result of collaboration among scholars and former practitioners from the Atlantic Council, the Brookings Institution, the Center for a New American Security, and the Chicago Council on Global Affairs. It is informed by and reflects mid-January discussions with senior NATO and US officials in Brussels and senior Ukrainian civilian and military officials in Kyiv and at the Ukrainian “anti-terror operation” headquarters in Kramatorsk. The report outlines the background to the crisis over Ukraine, describes why the United States and NATO need to engage more actively and urgently, summarizes what the authors heard in discussions at NATO and in Ukraine, and offers specific recommendations for steps that Washington and NATO should take to strengthen Ukraine’s defenses and thereby enhance its ability to deter further Russian aggression.
Topic:: International Cooperation, International Affairs, and Geopolitics
Political Geography:: Russia, America, and Ukraine

90. U.S.-China 21 The Future of U.S.-China Relations Under Xi Jinping

Author:: Kevin Rudd
Publication Date:: 04-2015
Content Type:: Special Report
Institution:: Asia Society
Abstract:: The future relationship between China and the United States represents one of the great mega-changes and mega-challenges of our age. Unlike other such changes, the consequences of China’s rise are unfolding gradually, sometimes purposefully, but most of the time imperceptibly while the world’s attention is drawn to more dramatic events elsewhere. With the rise of China, we are observing the geopolitical equivalent of the melting of the polar ice caps. Slowly the ice thins, cracks appear and one day a large sheet of ice spectac- ularly peels away. If captured on camera, the world momentarily sits up and pays attention before CNN returns our gaze to the drama of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant’s most recent atrocity.
Topic:: International Relations, International Cooperation, and International Affairs
Political Geography:: China and America

91. Strategic Retrenchment and Renewal in the American Experience

Author:: Peter Feaver (ed)
Publication Date:: 08-2014
Content Type:: Book
Institution:: The Strategic Studies Institute of the U.S. Army War College
Abstract:: American strategic debates are rarely new. They generally replay inherited conflicts of vision and interpretation in new settings. The consistent, almost obsessive, focus on “enduring dilemmas” has led historians like Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., to emphasize the “cycles of American history,” especially as they relate to politics and defense policy.
Topic:: Defense Policy, Arms Control and Proliferation, International Affairs, and Governance
Political Geography:: United States and America

92. U.S. Students in China: Meeting the Goals of the 100,000 Strong Initiative

Author:: Raisa Belyavina
Publication Date:: 01-2013
Content Type:: Working Paper
Institution:: Institute of International Education (IIE)
Abstract:: The 100,000 Strong Initiative, announced in November 2009 by President Obama, aims to increase to 100,000 the cumulative number of Americans studying in China over a four - year period. While the number of American students studying abroad for credit in Chin a has increased nearly fivefold in the last decade, the types of educational experiences undertaken by American students going abroad have changed as well. More than ever before, American students are going abroad on shorter, not - for - credit programs such a s study tours, internships, and volunteering abroad. The 100,000 Strong Initiative encourages all types of educational experiences for students in U.S. high schools, colleges, and universities.
Topic:: Education, Foreign Exchange, International Cooperation, and International Affairs
Political Geography:: United States, China, America, and Israel

93. America's European Ambassadors: Diplomacy in Tumultuous Times

Author:: Victoria de Grazia
Publication Date:: 11-2013
Content Type:: Video
Institution:: Columbia University World Leaders Forum
Abstract:: This World Leaders Forum program titled, America's European Ambassadors: Diplomacy in Tumultuous Times, will feature a panel discussion among the former U.S. Ambassadors and co-moderators listed below. Together, they will discuss challenges in U.S. foreign policy, especially American and European relations, from the perspective of their recent, on the ground experiences. The conversation will be followed by a question and answer session with the audience.
Topic:: Foreign Policy, Diplomacy, and International Affairs
Political Geography:: America and Europe

94. The Tenth Anniversary of the Council of American Ambassadors' International Affairs Fellowship Program

Author:: Abelardo L. Valdez
Publication Date:: 04-2013
Content Type:: Journal Article
Institution:: Council of American Ambassadors
Abstract:: Ten years ago, the Council of American Ambassadors established its International Affairs Fellowship Program. I was honored to have been asked by Ambassador Keith L. Brown, then Council President, to establish this program, prior to the Council's 20th Anniversary Gala in 2003, and subsequently to raise funds and recruit a cadre of Ambassador-mentors to carry out this initiative. The commitment and dedication of our mentors, which have included Ambassador Julia Chang Bloch, Co-chair of the Program, Ambassadors Keith L. Brown, Timothy A. Chorba, Stuart W. Holliday, G. Philip Hughes, Thomas P. Melady, Paul A. Russo, M. Osman Siddique, Robert D. Stuart, Jr., Timothy L. Towell, Aldona Z. Wos, M.D. and the late Patricia Lynch Ewell, with the support of our other Council colleagues, has made it possible for this initiative to flourish and accomplish impressive goals. Our Executive Director, Carolyn Gretzinger, and International Program Associate, Angela Norcross, have provided excellent staff support in conducting the Program every year. I am grateful to all of these individuals for their contributions to this noble endeavor.
Topic:: International Affairs
Political Geography:: America

95. Journal of Public and International Affairs 2011

Author:: Sarita Vanka and Lynn von Koch-Liebert
Publication Date:: 03-2011
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Journal of Public and International Affairs (JPIA)
Institution:: School of Public and International Affairs (SPIA), Princeton University
Abstract:: A December 2010 poll by the Kaiser Family Foundation reports that 54 percent of Americans are delaying medical care or treatments due to cost, and that 36 percent of Americans living in households with an income below $40,000 are having trouble paying their medical bills (Kaiser Survey 2010, 5). As the unemployment rate lingers in the double digits, these numbers may worsen as families spend down their savings. For workers who do have steady jobs, the portion of employers offering their employees health insurance continues to decline.
Topic:: International Affairs
Political Geography:: America

96. Raising the Stakes: The Need for a More Ambitious American Policy Towards Iran

Author:: Barbara Zanchetta
Publication Date:: 04-2010
Content Type:: Working Paper
Institution:: Finnish Institute of International Affairs
Abstract:: The election of Barack Obama unleashed unprecedented hopes around the world for a renewed leadership of the United States. Due to the controversial foreign policy record of the previous presidency and because of Obama's widespread appeal, deriving from both his personal life story and from his exceptional oratory skills, the inauguration of the first African-American president seemed, indeed, to represent a new beginning. The President himself, after campaigning on a platform of change ("yes we can"), repeatedly underscored the notion of a renewed America in his Inaugural Address. Referring not only to the repercussions of the economic crisis but also to the US global role, Obama called for a "new era of responsibility." The United States, stated the President, "are ready to lead once again," but in a rapidly evolving world order in which responsibilities have to, necessarily, be shared.
Topic:: Arms Control and Proliferation, Diplomacy, Nuclear Weapons, International Affairs, and Bilateral Relations
Political Geography:: United States, America, and Iran

97. Israel and Palestine: Two States for Two Peoples: If Not Now, When?

Author:: Lenore G. Martin, Stephen M. Walt, Alan Berger, Harvey Cox, Herbert C. Kelman, Everett Mendelsohn, Augustus Richard Norton, and Henry Steiner
Publication Date:: 03-2010
Content Type:: Working Paper
Institution:: Weatherhead Center for International Affairs, Harvard University
Abstract:: A two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is of compelling interest to the United States. It offers the only realistic prospect for lasting peace and attainable justice for Israelis and Palestinians. It offers clear and substantial benefits to Americans, Palestinians and Israelis, as well as to most of the other states in the region.
Topic:: Conflict Resolution, Foreign Policy, Diplomacy, and International Affairs
Political Geography:: United States, America, Israel, and Palestine

98. American Decision Making and the 1967 Arab-Israeli Conflict

Author:: Matthew J. Sheiffer
Publication Date:: 02-2009
Content Type:: Working Paper
Institution:: Department of Social Sciences at West Point, United States Military Academy
Abstract:: It is become common to argue that a special relationship exists between the United States and Israel and that this relationship explains unconditional American support for Israeli policies. These arguments generally focus on the period after the 1967 war. This makes examination of the period immediately before this time especially useful for understanding the nature of American relations with Israel. If this period marks the beginning of a special relationship, then there should be initial indicators of that relationship and its impact on the policy making process. In 1967, American policy was initially designed to accomplish the relatively modest goal of preventing an Israeli preemptive attack while building support for a multilateral plan to reopen the Gulf of Aqaba. Yet, the United States ultimately failed to achieve either objective. Given the potential danger of war to American interests, a strategic analysis of this case might predict active and vigorous efforts, using all aspects of American power, to prevent conflict. The puzzle is why this did not occur. By examining a purely systemic explanation for American actions in 1967, this paper will explore the complexities and tensions in the United States-Israel relationship in 1967 and investigate the nature through which domestic politics and decision making factors influence American foreign policy.
Topic:: Conflict Resolution, Foreign Policy, and International Affairs
Political Geography:: United States, America, Middle East, and Arabia

99. Ready to Lead? Rethinking America's Role in a Changed World

Author:: Robin Niblett
Publication Date:: 02-2009
Content Type:: Working Paper
Institution:: Chatham House
Abstract:: During his inaugural address on 20 January 2009, Barack Obama declared to 'all other peoples and governments, who are watching today, know that we are ready to lead once more'. In the following four weeks to the publication of this report, President Obama has set the United States on a course that is meeting widespread approval around the world. He has ordered the closure as soon as possible of the Guantánamo Bay detention facilities and of other secret facilities outside the United States that had so undermined America's international credibility with its allies and confirmed the anti-US narrative of its opponents. He has appointed special envoys for Middle East Peace and to implement an integrated strategy for both Afghanistan and Pakistan. He has offered to 'seek a new way forward' with the Muslim world as well as to 'extend a hand' to authoritarian governments if they are willing 'to unclench [their] fist'. His Secretary of State, Hillary Clinton, has said that America will be more effective if it can 'build a world with more partners and fewer adversaries'. Both have recognized the virtues of pragmatism over ideology and the reality of interdependence.
Topic:: Foreign Policy, International Political Economy, and International Affairs
Political Geography:: United States, America, Middle East, Asia, and Latin America

100. Old Paradigms, Challenging Realities, New Interpretations

Author:: José A. Montero
Publication Date:: 06-2008
Content Type:: Journal Article
Journal:: Georgetown Journal of International Affairs
Institution:: Georgetown Journal of International Affairs
Abstract:: Parag Khanna delivers an account of the current contest among America, Europe, and China through the lens of the subjects of the contest—the "Second World."
Topic:: Civil Society, Globalization, Government, and International Affairs
Political Geography:: China, America, and Europe

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COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS