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12052. Status and Role of the Young Generation in the Social and Political Space of Georgia
- Author:
- Katarzyna Skiert-Andrzejuk
- Publication Date:
- 03-2021
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Nowa Polityka Wschodnia
- Institution:
- Faculty of Political Science and International Studies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
- Abstract:
- The aim of the paper is to examine the status and role of the young generation in the social and political space of Georgia. The paper states that the young generation of Georgians does not enjoy high social status, even though the young can and probably will constitute the future elite of Georgian society. To analyze this research problem, I have used a number of research methods based partly on secondary sources. Three main research methods have been used in the study-desk research method, comparison, and the statistical method based on secondary data that have been extracted from the Caucasus Research Resource Center (CRRC) database. The paper is a snapshot of studies on the theory of notions of “status” and “role”, and it presents the work of Polish scholars. Moreover, the paper opens the door to further research on the young and democracy in Georgia. The studied issue is essential for analyzing the perception of democracy and democratization among the generations in Georgia. The paper is part of a series of articles on the opinion of the young generation of Georgians about democracy and democratization.
- Topic:
- Democratization, Politics, Youth, and Society
- Political Geography:
- Eurasia and Georgia
12053. The policy of the People’s Republic of China towards Central and Eastern Europe in 2012-2020
- Author:
- Adam Kuź
- Publication Date:
- 03-2021
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Nowa Polityka Wschodnia
- Institution:
- Faculty of Political Science and International Studies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
- Abstract:
- In the second decade of the 21st century, the Middle Kingdom, which had huge financial surpluses, became the world’s largest exporter of money capital, which meant that investment policy became the main element of China’s foreign policy. In the case of Central and Eastern Europe, the 16+1 (17+1) format, containing both investment policy and soft power elements, has become the basic tool of the general policy of Middle Kingdom. This article aims to define the basic principles of China’s policy towards Central and Eastern Europe. For this purpose, the following general hypothesis was formulated: Chinese policy in Central and Eastern Europe consists of presenting the countries of this region with initiatives that do not go beyond the sphere of declarations and serve as a bargaining chip in relations with Germany, the country with the greatest potential in the European Union. The general hypothesis gives rise to detailed hypotheses that were verified in individual parts of the article with the use of the comparative method. The reasons most often mentioned in the literature on the subject, such as economic, cultural, social, and political differentiation of Central and Eastern European countries, legal barriers resulting from EU legislation, insufficient recognition of the region’s needs by the Chinese side and asymmetry of expectations of both parties, undoubtedly largely contribute to the lack of effective Sino-CEE cooperation. However, they cannot be considered decisive because similar problems occur wherever Chinese companies appear. However, in many regions of the world, despite these obstacles, mutual economic relations are more dynamic than in CEE. The reasons why the potential of the 16+1 (17+1) format has not been properly used can be found primarily in the context of German-Chinese relations.
- Topic:
- International Relations, Foreign Policy, Economy, Investment, and Capital
- Political Geography:
- China, Eastern Europe, and Central Europe
12054. From Economic to Geopolitical Policy: The Middle East on the Silk Road
- Author:
- Yousif Khalaf
- Publication Date:
- 03-2021
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Nowa Polityka Wschodnia
- Institution:
- Faculty of Political Science and International Studies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
- Abstract:
- The article aims to present and evaluate the activities and politics of the People’s Republic of China in the Middle East, and to define its objectives through the Silk Project. It will provide an overview of the most important changes in the Chinese foreign and political policy, and the importance of the Middle East, particularly the Silk Road to China, and it will try to answer the following questions: How important is the Middle East for the Silk Road? Will the Chinese project bring stability to the region in light of the fierce competition between the great powers? The article adopted the hypothesis that China’s involvement in the Middle East will deepen the conflict between the countries of the region among themselves, and thus become a fertile ground for international conflicts to the international conflict.
- Topic:
- Foreign Policy, Economics, Geopolitics, and Silk Road
- Political Geography:
- China and Middle East
12055. "The ball should not get stained": The Qatar soccer world cup 2022 tarnished by human rights violations
- Author:
- Gabriella Michele Garcia
- Publication Date:
- 08-2021
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- Center for the Opening and Development of Latin America (CADAL)
- Abstract:
- FIFA gave the bid to Qatar to host the World Cup in 2022. Qatar gave the promise that they would hold a spectacular cup with the construction of a city, stadiums, and luxurious venues and hotels. To complete the construction process, they hired migrant domestic workers, and in the process they have violated human and workers rights, putting workers at risk of death, and betraying the terms and conditions under which the workers had been hired. Since the start of the construction project there has been a massive turn for the worst in migrant worker’s rights, as they continue to be abused.
- Topic:
- Human Rights, Sports, Migrant Workers, FIFA, and Soccer
- Political Geography:
- Qatar and Global Focus
12056. SVRI Knowledge Exchange: The Power of Language and its use in the BGV field
- Author:
- Elizabeth Louis
- Publication Date:
- 01-2021
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The Sexual Violence Research Initiative
- Abstract:
- This Knowledge Exchange focuses on language with the understanding that it’s a tool of communication, an exchange of perspectives, and can be a sacred form of expression. Language and terms have been reclaimed by individuals and groups to ensure that their narratives are authentically voiced and portrayed appropriately. The writers recognize that this piece is written in English and it brings in a bias in the ways we communicate information. Language bias can be defined as words or phrases that may make certain individuals or groups feel excluded or underrepresented. In our own awareness of the importance of meaning through language, we must not forget that continuous efforts must be made to decolonize language. To rid language of colonial influence that has shaped the lens we use in our gender- based violence work. The writers intend for this piece to be disseminated to a wide audience of practitioners, researchers, advocates, survivors, and those with lived experiences of violence driven by gender inequality to reflect and discuss the ways language is used and its implications. We strive to attain language justice that focuses on equity, shared power, and inclusion of voices that have been misrepresented or undervalued in the field of GBV. It is our hope that dialogues, critical analysis, and renewed commitment to intentionally unpack, revise, and retrieve all forms, dialects or translations gives rise to language that is wholesome, validates and honours within diverse beloved communities.
- Topic:
- Gender Issues, Communications, Inequality, and Language
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
12057. Engaging men and boys to prevent violence against women
- Author:
- Sexual Violence Research Initiative
- Publication Date:
- 01-2021
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- The Sexual Violence Research Initiative
- Abstract:
- While women must remain at the centre of and lead efforts to prevent the violence against them, men must join the movement as allies, and gender transformative interventions that engage men in thoughtful ways can be highly effective. The process of engaging men and boys in the prevention of violence against women has gained momentum over the past 20 years, with growing evidence that well-designed and holistic interventions involving both men and women can work. Interventions focusing solely on men are ineffective in shifting strongly entrenched social norms that drive violence against women, and we must support structural policy changes.1 Between 2016 and 2020, the Sexual Violence Research Initiative (SVRI), in partnership with the World Bank Group, funded several studies into interventions that engage men in Africa, Latin America, the Middle East and North African region. These studies address local gender norms and context-specific risk factors associated with men abusing women. The SVRI will continue supporting research that builds evidence for accountable, effective and sustainable programmes that engage men in preventing and responding to violence against women in low- and middle-income countries.
- Topic:
- Gender Based Violence, Youth, Violence, Sexual Violence, and Engagement
- Political Geography:
- North America
12058. An evidence review of violence prevention in South Africa
- Author:
- Matodzi Amisi and Sara N Naicker
- Publication Date:
- 01-2021
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- The Sexual Violence Research Initiative
- Abstract:
- This policy brief presents findings from an evidence review of violence prevention interventions implemented in South Africa. The review draws on an evidence map published in 2019,1 and additional papers since then. It includes evidence generated through qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The review summarises the available evidence, with an assessment of quality, and perhaps most importantly it highlights the contextual factors that impact success. The review was guided by the question: ‘How and in what context do interventions impact perpetration and victimisation; and how can violence prevention interventions be implemented at scale?’ The approach taken to answer this question is similar to a narrative review. The objective was not to aggregate results from the studies but to summarise the evidence. Narrative review typically involves the selection, chronicling and ordering of evidence to produce an account of the evidence. This allowed us to include both qualitative and quantitative studies, a range of interventions, and to be interpretive. The review was carried out in four phases (Chart 1). Each paper or report was read in full and data extracted. In addition, an assessment of the quality of evidence presented in each paper or report was undertaken. A standardised tool rated each study on its conceptualisation, research question, sample size, context, control of confounding variable, etc.
- Topic:
- Conflict Prevention, Gender Based Violence, Violence, Sexual Violence, and Victims
- Political Geography:
- Africa
12059. The Case for a Climate-Smart Update of the Africa Mining Vision
- Author:
- Perrine Toledano, Martin Dietrich Brauch, Karan Bhuwalka, and Kojo Busia
- Publication Date:
- 04-2021
- Content Type:
- Research Paper
- Institution:
- Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment
- Abstract:
- Mining sector investments in Africa can be structured so that the continent may benefit from climate policy in de- veloped countries that puts a global price on carbon. Cur- rent supply chains rely on complex, specialized networks where different parts of the production process are locat- ed in different regions of the world. This system of global value chains5 leads to greenhouse gas emissions through cross-border transportation and excess waste (especially in electronics and plastics). There is some evidence that border tariffs harm vertical specialization, where different regions are specialized in a very specific task.6 Therefore, carbon pricing, including carbon border tax, could lead to the localization of value chains. Multinational companies may move intermediate stages of production closer to the source of mineral extraction, providing a boost to foreign investment across Africa. The incentive for companies to shrink these value chains is even higher in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, which exposed some of the risks of relying on extensive global supply networks.7 These global trends sit within a broader and relatively recent context of soaring environment, social, and governance (ESG) investment affecting companies, shareholders, and governments alike.
- Topic:
- Climate Change, Environment, Mining, and Carbon Emissions
- Political Geography:
- Africa
12060. Guide on incentives for responsible investment in agriculture and food systems
- Author:
- Anna Bulman, Kaitlin Y. Cordes, and Ladan Mehranvar
- Publication Date:
- 05-2021
- Content Type:
- Research Paper
- Institution:
- Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment
- Abstract:
- Increased investment in agriculture and food systems—from both the private and public sectors—is critical to enhance food security and nutrition, reduce poverty, and adapt to climate change. To generate sustainable benefits, this investment must be responsible. What role should investment incentives play in encouraging such investment? This guide helps to answer that question. Specifically, the guide provides policymakers and government technical staff with guidance on how investment incentives can be used (and how they should not be used) to enhance responsible investment in agriculture and food systems. The guide provides an overview of responsible investment in agriculture and food systems; examines common types of incentives; offers general considerations on how incentives can be used; and discusses how to plan for, design, monitor, and evaluate investment incentives for responsible investment in agriculture and food systems.
- Topic:
- Agriculture, Climate Change, Environment, Food, Food Security, and Sustainability
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus