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2. Road warriors: Foreign fighters in the armies of jihad
- Author:
- Brookings Institute
- Publication Date:
- 05-2019
- Content Type:
- Video
- Institution:
- The Brookings Institution
- Abstract:
- On May 10, Brookings hosted the launch event for Senior Fellow Dan Byman's latest book, “Road Warriors: Foreign Fighters in the Armies of Jihad,” with discussion moderated by Peter Bergen, acclaimed journalist and vice president for Global Studies & Fellows at New America.
- Topic:
- International Relations and International Affairs
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
3. Unpacked: Syria’s civil war is far from over
- Author:
- Mara Karlin
- Publication Date:
- 03-2018
- Content Type:
- Video
- Institution:
- The Brookings Institution
- Abstract:
- Brookings Nonresident Senior Fellow Mara Karlin unpacks the roles of the wide array of actors in the Syrian military and humanitarian crisis as it continues and grows more complicated every day. She explains that the United States must clearly define its prime objectives in the Middle East as it becomes increasingly clear that the Bashar Assad regime will stay in power and that ISIS is on its way to complete military defeat.
- Topic:
- International Affairs and War Crimes
- Political Geography:
- Syria
4. Threats to democracy in the Trump era
- Author:
- Brookings Institute
- Publication Date:
- 02-2018
- Content Type:
- Video
- Institution:
- The Brookings Institution
- Abstract:
- On February 7, David Frum joined a panel of experts at Brookings to discuss the burgeoning threats to democratic institutions in the Trump era.
- Topic:
- International Affairs and Democracy
- Political Geography:
- America
5. Toward data driven education systems
- Author:
- Samantha Custer, Elizabeth M King, Tamar Manuelyan Atinc, Lindsay Read, and Kabir Sethi
- Publication Date:
- 02-2018
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The Brookings Institution
- Abstract:
- Today, 650 million children around the globe are at risk of being left behind as they fail to learn basic skills. Inequitable access to education is part of the problem, but even when children are in school, they may not be learning. In Uganda, for instance, barely half of grade 6 children read at a grade 2 level (Uwezo, 2016). In India, just one in four children enrolled in grade 5 can read a simple sentence or complete simple division problems (ASER Centre, 2017).
- Topic:
- Education and International Cooperation
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
6. The New global agenda and the future of the multilateral development bank system
- Author:
- Amar Bhattacharya, Homi Kharas, Mark Plant, and Annalisa Prizzon
- Publication Date:
- 02-2018
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- The Brookings Institution
- Abstract:
- The new global agenda, with Agenda 2030 at its core, is ambitious, comprehensive, and universal. The three central goals now are to reignite growth, deliver on the sustainable development goals (SDGs), and meet the ambitions of the Paris climate agreement aimed at mitigating climate change and adapting to its effects. Achieving these goals will require a significant scaling up and reorientation of investments, especially for sustainable infrastructure and human development. Implementing this agenda is urgent, as the world is witnessing the largest wave of urban expansion in history and more infrastructure will come on stream over the next 15 years than the world’s existing stock. This is also the last opportunity to manage remaining significant demographic transitions.
- Topic:
- International Affairs and International Development
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
7. Leave no Country behind: Ending poverty in the poorest places
- Author:
- Geoffrey Gertz and Homi Kharas
- Publication Date:
- 02-2018
- Content Type:
- Research Paper
- Institution:
- The Brookings Institution
- Abstract:
- The past 15 years saw the most rapid decline in global poverty ever, with the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) of halving the global poverty rate reached several years ahead of schedule. Building on this, governments around the world committed to a new set of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including ending extreme poverty everywhere by 2030.
- Topic:
- International Political Economy
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
8. Rethinking Africa’s structural transformation
- Author:
- John Page
- Publication Date:
- 01-2018
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- The Brookings Institution
- Abstract:
- Economists have long regarded structural change—the movement of workers from lower to higher productivity employment—as essential to growth in low-income countries. Yet, until recently, Africa’s economic structure had changed very little, worrying both policymakers and analysts. The African Union, the African Development Bank, and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa have all voiced concern with Africa’s slow pace of structural change. Earlier this year, The Economist noted, “Africa’s development model puzzles economists.”
- Topic:
- International Affairs
- Political Geography:
- Africa
9. The Wests's Turkey Conundrum
- Author:
- Amanda Sloat
- Publication Date:
- 02-2018
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- The Brookings Institution
- Abstract:
- Policymakers in the United States and European Union are struggling with how to manage their relations with Turkey. What makes the country such a conundrum is that its problematic leadership faces real threats. Turkey is confronting challenges from the aftermath of the July 2016 coup attempt and the destabilizing effects of the Syrian war. Yet the country’s president is growing more authoritarian, using virulent anti-Western rhetoric, and making foreign policy choices contrary to the interests of the trans-Atlantic alliance. The policy goal is navigating this gray zone today to preserve the possibility of better relations in the future.
- Topic:
- International Relations and International Affairs
- Political Geography:
- Turkey
10. Normal is Over
- Author:
- Constanze Stelzenmüller
- Publication Date:
- 02-2018
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- The Brookings Institution
- Abstract:
- Year one of the Trump administration has been uniquely unnerving. Yet the trans-Atlantic security community has also been breathing a sigh of relief, because many of their worst expectations seem to have been averted: trade wars, an attack on North Korea, the end of NATO. The conventional wisdom in Washington, DC and many European capitals today is that—despite a president who continues to defy conventions—U.S.-European relations have largely normalized. As a result, most Europeans are attempting to ride out what they believe to be a temporary aberration of American politics with a mixture of hugging and hedging. There is certainly evidence for a normalization of U.S. foreign policy, not least in the president’s formal endorsement of NATO’s mutual defense clause, and the reinforcement of American contributions to reassurance and deterrence in Eastern Europe. There are also many signs that the past year has re-energized American civil society, belying determinist critics in Europe. But Trumpism needs to be recognized as a massive discontinuity. Trump is the first postwar American president to question the liberal order as such. In its purest form, the “America First” doctrine has implications for the EU and some of its member states (especially Germany) that should be of intense concern to Europeans. Europeans should worry even more, however, about its fundamentalist critique of globalization (which it refers to as globalism) as a quasiadversarial ideology. The globalization-globalism dichotomy, unlike all previous transAtlantic disagreements, is a dispute about the nature of the world we live in. And it is a wedge that could drive the United States and Europe apart. America could attempt (at immense cost to itself) to decouple from the liberal world order and the global economy. But for Europe to do so would be suicidal. This flips the existing logic of the trans-Atlantic alliance on its head: it is Europe now that has the greater—and for it, existential—interest in preserving an international order that safeguards peace and globalization
- Topic:
- International Relations and International Affairs
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
11. Borrowers with Large Balances: Rising Student Debt and Falling Repayment Rates
- Author:
- Adam Looney and Constantine Yannelis
- Publication Date:
- 02-2018
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- The Brookings Institution
- Abstract:
- We examine the distribution of student loan balances and repayment rates in the United States using administrative student loan data. We show that increases in credit limits and expansions in credit availability resulted in rising borrowing amounts, and that the share of borrowers holding very large balances has surged. For instance, the share of borrowers leaving school with more than $50,000 of federal student debt increased from 2 percent in 1992 to 17 percent in 2014. Consequently, a small share of borrowers now owes the majority of loan dollars in the United States. Although these large-balance borrowers have historically strong labor market outcomes and low rates of default, repayment rates have slowed significantly between 1990 and 2014 reflecting, in part, changes in the characteristics of students, the schools they attended, and the rising amounts borrowed. A decomposition analysis indicates that changes in the types of institutions attended, student demographics, default rates, and increased participation of alternative repayment plans and forbearance largely explain the decrease in student loan repayment.
- Topic:
- Education and International Affairs
- Political Geography:
- America
12. Unpacked: New trade tariffs and the U.S. economy
- Author:
- Eswar Prasad
- Publication Date:
- 01-2018
- Content Type:
- Video
- Institution:
- The Brookings Institution
- Abstract:
- Brookings Senior Fellow Eswar Prasad unpacks the impact of the new steel and aluminum tariffs proposed by the Trump administration. He explains that the new tariffs have undermined America’s leadership as proponents of free trade and will decrease America’s economic influence across the globe.
- Topic:
- International Political Economy
- Political Geography:
- America
13. The new dynamics of global energy and climate
- Author:
- Rachel Kyte
- Publication Date:
- 11-2018
- Content Type:
- Video
- Institution:
- The Brookings Institution
- Abstract:
- On the heels of a major new report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change on the rising risks of climate impacts, on November 19th Brookings hosted Rachel Kyte, CEO of Sustainable Energy for All, in conversation with David G. Victor.
- Topic:
- Climate Change, International Political Economy, and Climate Finance
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
14. Responding to the Global Financial Crisis
- Author:
- Brookings Institute
- Publication Date:
- 09-2018
- Content Type:
- Video
- Institution:
- The Brookings Institution
- Abstract:
- Ten years after the lowest moments of the worst financial crisis and deepest recession in generations, former Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke and former Treasury Secretaries Tim Geithner and Hank Paulson—chief architects of the rescue that prevented a repeat of the Great Depression—look back and look ahead in an interview conducted by Andrew Ross Sorkin of the New York Times and CNBC.
- Topic:
- International Political Economy
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
15. Delivering inclusive access:
- Author:
- Jeffrey Gutman, Adie Tomer, Thomas J. Kane, Dev Patel, and Ranjitha Shivaram
- Publication Date:
- 08-2017
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- The Brookings Institution
- Abstract:
- Across the world, rapid urban growth offers enormous opportunity to those living in cities and suburbs. Urban residents tend to earn higher incomes than their rural peers, and enjoy the benefits of living in closer proximity to vital services and commerce. However, the same influx of people and economic activity also places enormous pressure on the built environment, straining existing transportation systems across the developed and developing world. In turn, residents and businesses increasingly struggle to reach one another, and they often place a premium on locating in neighborhoods with the greatest urban access. In other words, people want to live where it is easy to reach key destinations. This can drive up the price of land and contributes to a toxic mix of income inequality and spatial inequity.
- Topic:
- International Affairs
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
16. Meeting U.S. Deterrence Requirements
- Author:
- Robert Einhorn and Steven Pifer
- Publication Date:
- 09-2017
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- The Brookings Institution
- Abstract:
- In conducting its Nuclear Posture Review, the Trump administration needs to consider how best to meet U.S. deterrence requirements in a changing security environment. Today’s most pressing challenges to U.S. deterrence goals come not from the threat of a massive nuclear attack against the U.S. homeland but from the possibility that nuclear-armed adversaries will use the threat of escalation to the nuclear level to act more aggressively in their regions and prevent the United States from coming to the defense of its allies and partners.
- Topic:
- International Security
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
17. Unpacked: The threat from North Korea
- Author:
- Jonathan Pollack
- Publication Date:
- 04-2017
- Content Type:
- Video
- Institution:
- The Brookings Institution
- Abstract:
- Brookings Senior Fellow and SK-Korea Foundation Chair Jonathan Pollack explains the threat that North Korea poses to the United States, its neighbors, and the world. Pollack also explores the different options that the United States has to handle threats from North Korea and describes the different scenarios that could escalate tensions between the United States and North Korea.
- Topic:
- International Security and Geopolitics
- Political Geography:
- America, North Korea, and Global Focus
18. Afghanistan Affectations How to Break Political-Criminal Alliances in Contexts of Transition
- Author:
- Vanda Felbab-Brown
- Publication Date:
- 04-2017
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- The Brookings Institution
- Abstract:
- In “Afghanistan Affectations,” a detailed report published by the United Nations University Centre for Policy Research’s Crime-Conflict Nexus Series in April 2017, Vanda Felbab-Brown assesses how counterinsurgency, stabilization, and reconstruction dynamics have interacted with organized crime, illicit economies, and generalized predatory criminality since 2001 and warped and weakened the post-conflict stabilization and reconstruction efforts.
- Topic:
- International Relations and International Security
- Political Geography:
- Afghanistan
19. Myanmar Maneuvers How to Break Political-Criminal Alliances in Contexts of Transition
- Author:
- Vanda Felbab-Brown
- Publication Date:
- 04-2017
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- The Brookings Institution
- Abstract:
- In “Myanmar Maneuvers,” a detailed report published by the United Nations University Centre for Policy Research’s Crime-Conflict Nexus Series in April 2017, Vanda Felbab-Brown assesses complex interactions among illegal economies, conflict, peace, and political transitions in Myanmar since the 1990s. She analyzes the evolution of the illegal economies in drugs, logging, wildlife trafficking, and gems and minerals as well as land grabbing and crony capitalism, showing how they shaped political transitions and how political evolution and changes shaped them. She also examines the impact of geopolitics and the regional environment, particularly the role of China, both in shaping domestic political developments in Myanmar and the country’s illicit economies.
- Topic:
- Corruption and International Affairs
- Political Geography:
- Myanmar
20. The Hellish Road to Good Intentions How to Break Political-Criminal Alliances in Contexts of Transition
- Author:
- Vanda Felbab-Brown
- Publication Date:
- 04-2017
- Content Type:
- Special Report
- Institution:
- The Brookings Institution
- Abstract:
- Large-scale illicit economies and organized crime have received increasing attention from governments and international organizations since the end of the Cold War. The end of the Cold War brought a permissive strategic environment that allowed many states to focus on a broader menu of interests in their foreign policy agendas, such as the fight against drug trafficking and production. The post-Cold War era also exposed the fragility and institutional underdevelopment of many of these states, a deficiency perhaps exacerbated by globalization. At the same time, criminal and belligerent actors with significant power previously obscured by the shadows of Cold War politics were spotlighted by the international community, especially when their activities were associated with intense violence or corruption.
- Topic:
- Corruption and Political Theory
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus