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392. Prospects and Challenges for Increasing India-Pakistan Trade
- Author:
- Ishrat Husain
- Publication Date:
- 11-2011
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Atlantic Council
- Abstract:
- In the face of massive economic challenges, a burgeoning population, energy and water shortages, and huge and growing numbers of unemployed workers, especially youth, Pakistan needs to look for ways to move itself out of the economic hole into which it has fallen. Greater trade with India offers an immediate and rich possibility of economic growth for both Pakistan and India. Recent meetings between the commerce ministers of both countries in New Delhi appear to have yielded some good intentions to increase trade from its current level of $2 billion a year to $6 billion, still well below what many scholars estimate to be the potential. Yet, the obstacles remain, in the form of rules and regulations that inhibit trade, and in the lack of private-sector initiatives that would surmount governmental foot dragging. In the end, it is the private sector—not of cial trade—that will boost incomes on both sides of the border. And the question remains: Will India and Pakistan see the advantage of opening borders as being mutually beneficial?
- Topic:
- Economics, International Trade and Finance, Bilateral Relations, and Border Control
- Political Geography:
- Pakistan, India, and East Asia
393. NATO Reform: Key Principles
- Author:
- Kurt Volker and Kevin P. Green
- Publication Date:
- 12-2011
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Atlantic Council
- Abstract:
- The topic of reforming NATO—and in particular cutting costs and improving efficiencies—has been with the Alliance for decades. Throw-away lines such as "Why does NATO have 400 committees?" or "Cut the International Staff by 10 percent" have often been used to signal a rough determination to streamline NATO and make it more efficient.
- Topic:
- Defense Policy, NATO, International Cooperation, and Reform
- Political Geography:
- Europe
394. NATO Agency Reform, Done Right
- Author:
- Marshall Billingslea and Gary Winterberger
- Publication Date:
- 12-2011
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Atlantic Council
- Abstract:
- NATO's forthcoming 2012 Summit in Chicago gives the Alliance's senior decision-makers the opportunity to assess the health of transatlantic relations and to tackle a set of overdue internal issues that have been long postponed due to more pressing operational issues in Afghanistan, Iraq, and then Libya. Chief among these issues is the matter of reforming NATO's own headquarters and its many and varied agencies. A careful reform effort, with a special focus on shared services, restructuring and integration, NATO's human capital, and the procurement and capabilities development structure and process, could pay significant dividends for the Alliance and ensure the more efficient use of already limited resources. While not a panacea, this would go a long way towards preparing the Alliance for future challenges.
- Topic:
- NATO, Diplomacy, Economics, International Cooperation, Science and Technology, and Reform
- Political Geography:
- Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, and Chicago
395. US Lessons for the Eurozone: Restoring Confidence through Transparency
- Author:
- Julie Chon
- Publication Date:
- 12-2011
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Atlantic Council
- Abstract:
- When it comes to resolving financial crises, size matters, but so does transparency. In both the US and European crises, the drive for size—firing off enough public funds to plug the hole in the financial system—has proven to be self-defeating as markets raise ever higher, unrealistic, and inappropriate expectations for government policy. This strategy addresses some of the economics and none of the politics of crisis management. The race to meet the size test distracts policymakers from addressing the real impediment to restoring investor and public confidence: the inherent uncertainty and lack of transparency associated with extraordinary government actions in times of crisis. The absence of transparent decision-making inflicts a costly blow to the credibility of policymakers because markets and citizens cannot see or believe what leaders are doing to stabilize the financial system.
- Topic:
- Debt, Economics, International Trade and Finance, and Financial Crisis
- Political Geography:
- United States and Europe
396. The Five Futures of Cyber Conflict and Cooperation
- Author:
- Jason Healey
- Publication Date:
- 12-2011
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Atlantic Council
- Abstract:
- The word cyberspace is nearly thirty years old, and during that time, academics, theorists, and strategists have been considering how conflict will unfold in this new domain .As yet, though, little has been published on what kinds of different futures may await us .For example, many writers seem to imply that cyberspace itself is relatively static, when it is in fact constantly transformed through changes in usage and technology. Indeed, today's generation of digital natives has never known a world without the Internet, and their experience of cyberspace—especially in terms of security, privacy, and collaboration—will be very different from that of previous generations weaned on mainframes, modems, desktop computers, and AOL. If cyberspace is different and younger generations use it differently, then future conflict and cooperation in cyberspace may be unlike anything experienced or even envisioned by Cold War-era thinkers and strategists.
- Topic:
- Defense Policy, Science and Technology, Terrorism, and International Security
- Political Geography:
- North America
397. Naval Future: International Preponderance Through Naval Partnership
- Author:
- Martin Murphy and Lee Willett
- Publication Date:
- 12-2011
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Atlantic Council
- Abstract:
- In 2005 US Navy ship numbers fell lower than at any point since 1916 and little has changed since then. The Royal Navy now has fewer ships and sailors than Nelson had at Trafalgar. It is of course true that counting hulls is no longer a reliable way of assessing naval power yet numbers matter.
- Topic:
- Defense Policy, International Cooperation, International Security, and Military Strategy
- Political Geography:
- United States
398. Learning by Doing: The Pakistan Army's Experience with Counterinsurgency
- Author:
- Shuja Nawaz
- Publication Date:
- 02-2011
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Atlantic Council
- Abstract:
- Despite having entered the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) in force to support the coalition invasion of Afghanistan under Operation Enduring Freedom, the Pakistan Army did not undertake real counterinsurgency operations till much after 2001. Most of its early operations centered on the conventional use of dominating force against irregular opponents in this rugged region. It was hampered as much by lack of training and equipment as it was by its outmoded approaches to fighting in the frontier region. Gradually, its officers began learning by doing, and the Swat operation in 2008 probably marked the turning point in the doctrinal shift to serious counterinsurgency (COIN) operations, regardless of the fact that the army called it Low Intensity Conflict (LIC).
- Topic:
- Defense Policy, Terrorism, Military Strategy, Counterinsurgency, and Governance
- Political Geography:
- Pakistan, Afghanistan, and South Asia
399. Nordic-Baltic Security in the 21st Century
- Author:
- Robert Nurick
- Publication Date:
- 09-2011
- Content Type:
- Working Paper
- Institution:
- Atlantic Council
- Abstract:
- Look at the security arrangements for the eight countries of the Nordic and Baltic region and two things are immediately apparent. The countries that have the greatest needs have the worst security. And the countries that have the strongest defense are divided.
- Topic:
- NATO, Diplomacy, Energy Policy, and International Security
400. The Challenge: NATO Amidst Geopolitical Realities
- Author:
- Rob de Wijk
- Publication Date:
- 02-2010
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Atlantic Council
- Abstract:
- Should NATO remain primarily a collective defense alliance or should it be transformed into a worldwide security provider? This question lies at the core of the debate in allied capitals as NATO develops its next Strategic Concept. New security challenges, as well as NATO's military operations in Afghanistan, suggest that the pressure for change has become irresistible.
- Topic:
- NATO, Climate Change, Economics, Politics, and International Security
- Political Geography:
- Afghanistan, Europe, and North America