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2. The Internationalization of Chinese and Indian Firms: Trends, Motivations and Policy Implications
- Author:
- Sandeep Kapur and Suma Athreye
- Publication Date:
- 01-2009
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- United Nations University
- Abstract:
- The last two decades have seen a significant rise in the internationalization of firms from developing economies. In addition to their growing participation in international trade, a number of leading emerging economies are contributing to growing outflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) and cross-border mergers and acquisitions. According to the 2008 World Investment Report, outward flows of FDI from developing countries rose from about US$6 billion between 1989 and 1991 to US$225 billion in 2007. As a percentage of total global outflows, the share of developing countries grew from 2.7% to nearly 13.0% during this period.
- Topic:
- International Relations, Economics, Globalization, International Political Economy, Markets, Foreign Direct Investment, and Financial Crisis
- Political Geography:
- United States, China, and India
3. Protracted Refugee Situations and Peacebuilding
- Author:
- Gil Loescher, James Milner, Edward Newman, and Gary Troeller
- Publication Date:
- 05-2007
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- United Nations University
- Abstract:
- Despite the need for a multifaceted approach to protracted refugee situations, the overall response of policy makers remains compartmentalised. Security, development and humanitarian issues tend to be discussed in different forums, each with their own institutional arrangements and independent policy approaches. Meaningful comprehensive solutions for protracted refugee situations must overcome these divisions and instead incorporate the recent policy initiatives of a wide range of actors. This type of broader engagement—with a catalytic role by UNHCR—cannot occur without the sustained engagement of all branches of the UN system. In this way, the establishment of the UN Peacebuilding Commission provides both a timely opportunity and a possible institutional context for this type of cross-sectoral approach.
- Topic:
- Conflict Resolution, International Relations, Disaster Relief, and Humanitarian Aid
- Political Geography:
- United Nations
4. Linking Globalization to Poverty
- Author:
- Erik Thorbecke and Machiko Nissanke
- Publication Date:
- 04-2007
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- United Nations University
- Abstract:
- While the economic opportunities offered by globalization can be large, a question is often raised as to whether the actual distribution of gains is fair, in particular, whether the poor benefit less than proportionately from globalization and could under some circumstances be hurt by it. This Policy Brief summarizes and examines the various channels and transmission mechanisms, such as greater openness to trade and foreign investment, economic growth, effects on income distribution, technology transfer and labour migration, through which the process of globalization affects different dimensions of poverty in the developing world.
- Topic:
- International Relations, Development, Globalization, and Poverty
5. Measuring Human Well-being: Key Findings and Policy Lessons
- Author:
- Mark McGillivray and David Clark
- Publication Date:
- 06-2007
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- United Nations University
- Abstract:
- This Policy Brief is an outcome of the UNU-WIDER research project 'Social Development Indicators'. The overall aim of the project was to provide insights into how human well-being might be better conceptualized and, in particular, measured, by reviewing various concepts and measures and then offering recommendations for future practice and research. This Policy Brief outlines a contextual background to the project, by introducing some key concepts and measures used in assessing achieved well-being, especially at the national level. Highlighted are some of the best known and most widely used well-being measures. The Policy Brief then provides an overview of the five edited volumes that have emerged from the project, summarizing some of the main conclusions.
- Topic:
- International Relations, Demographics, Development, and Poverty
6. Rising Spatial Disparities and Development
- Author:
- Ravi Kanbur and Anthony J. Venables
- Publication Date:
- 09-2005
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- United Nations University
- Abstract:
- Amidst a growing concern about increasing inequality, the spatial dimensions of inequality have begun to attract considerable policy interest. In China, Russia, India, Mexico, and South Africa, as well as most other developing and transition economies, there is a sense that spatial and regional disparities in economic activity, incomes and social indicators, are on the increase. Spatial inequality is a dimension of overall inequality, but it has added significance when spatial and regional divisions align with political and ethnic tensions to undermine social and political stability. Also important in the policy debate is a perceived sense that increasing internal spatial inequality is related to greater openness of economies, and to globalization in general.
- Topic:
- International Relations, Foreign Policy, Demographics, and Development
- Political Geography:
- Russia, China, India, South Africa, and Mexico
7. Work In Progress: Introducing the UNU Inter-Linkages Initiative: Focusing on the Implementation of Sustainable Development
- Author:
- Jerry Velasque and Uli Piest
- Publication Date:
- 05-2003
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- United Nations University
- Abstract:
- Embedded in the United Nations University's Environment and Sustainable Development Programme (ESD), the Inter-linkages Initiative is an innovative approach to managing sustainable development. Based on the recognition that environmental management is strongly related to human behaviour at all levels of natural and human interaction, it promotes greater connectivity between ecosystems and societal performance. On a practical level, the inter-linkages initiative is based on the assumption that improving the implementation of existing environmental mechanisms does not necessarily require new instruments but, rather, a greater level of coherence among the tools already available. In this regard, Interlinkages represents a time- and cost-effective approach to strengthening the existing systems of managing sustainable development.
- Topic:
- International Relations, Development, International Cooperation, and United Nations
8. Work In Progress: The Peace and Governance Programme: At the Interface of Ideas and Policy
- Publication Date:
- 06-2002
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- United Nations University
- Abstract:
- The mission of the United Nations University is to contribute, through research and capacity building, to efforts to resolve the pressing global problems that are the concern of the United Nations, its Peoples and Member States. The work of the Peace and Governance Programme is a core element of this mission, and one that is complex and demanding. The concept of peace and security is evolving and broadening considerably, both in the worlds of academia and policy. Traditionally, national and international security were mainly defined in military and territorial terms, in an international system characterized by interaction among states. The UN Charter, while ultimately working in the interests of “the peoples,” is predicated on the relationship between unitary states in the maintenance of international peace and security. Within this system, the challenge was traditionally seen as mediating between liberal internationalist and power-political “realist” forces.
- Topic:
- International Relations, Development, International Organization, and United Nations