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42. Nowhere But Out: The failure of France and Italy to Help Refugees and Other Migrants Stranded at the Border in Ventimiglia
- Author:
- Guilia Capitani
- Publication Date:
- 06-2018
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- In Ventimiglia, near the border between Italy and France, refugees and other migrants are living rough, without access to the most basic services. Women, men and children are ‘pushed’ out of the Italian asylum system, which often fails to meet their most basic needs for safety, information and education. Across the border, the French police meet children with abuse, and send them back to Italy in violation of French and EU law. Stranded, hundreds of people are unable to seek even basic support.
- Topic:
- Regional Cooperation, European Union, Refugees, Borders, and Humanitarian Crisis
- Political Geography:
- Europe, France, and Italy
43. German Supermarket Supply Chains: Ending the Human Suffering Behind our Food
- Author:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Publication Date:
- 06-2018
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Inequality is rampant across the global economy, and the agro-food sector is no exception. At the top, big supermarkets and other corporate food giants dominate global food markets, allowing them to squeeze value from vast supply chains that span the globe, while at the bottom the bargaining power of small-scale farmers and workers has been steadily eroded in many of the countries from which German supermarkets and others from around the world source. The result is widespread human suffering among the women and men producing our food.
- Topic:
- Agriculture, Labor Issues, Food, Private Sector, Farming, and Supply Chains
- Political Geography:
- Europe and Germany
44. Dutch Supermarket Supply Chains: Ending the Human Suffering Behind our Food
- Author:
- Anouk Franck and Ioan Nemes
- Publication Date:
- 06-2018
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Inequality is rampant across the global economy, and the agro-food sector is no exception. At the top, big supermarkets and other corporate food giants dominate global food markets, allowing them to squeeze value from vast supply chains that span the globe, while at the bottom the bargaining power of small-scale farmers and workers has been steadily eroded in many of the countries from which Dutch supermarkets and others from around the world source. The result is widespread human suffering among the women and men producing our food.
- Topic:
- Agriculture, Markets, Food, Farming, and Supply
- Political Geography:
- Europe and Denmark
45. US Supermarket Supply Chains: Ending the Human Suffering Behind our Food
- Author:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Publication Date:
- 06-2018
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Inequality is rampant across the global economy, and the agro-food sector is no exception. At the top, big supermarkets and other corporate food giants dominate global food markets, allowing them to squeeze value from vast supply chains that span the globe, while at the bottom the bargaining power of small-scale farmers and workers has been steadily eroded in many of the countries from which US supermarkets and others from around the world source. The result is widespread human suffering among the women and men producing our food.
- Topic:
- Markets, Food, Farming, and Supply Chains
- Political Geography:
- North America and United States of America
46. UK Supermarket Supply Chains: Ending the Human Suffering Behind our Food
- Author:
- Rachel Wilshaw
- Publication Date:
- 06-2018
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Inequality is rampant across the global economy, and the agro-food sector is no exception. At the top, big supermarkets and other corporate food giants dominate global food markets, allowing them to squeeze value from vast supply chains that span the globe, while at the bottom the bargaining power of small-scale farmers and workers has been steadily eroded in many of the countries from which UK supermarkets and others from around the world source. The result is widespread human suffering among the women and men producing our food.
- Topic:
- Markets, Food, Farming, and Supply Chains
- Political Geography:
- United Kingdom and Europe
47. Towards a Socially Responsible Aquaculture Stewardship Council
- Author:
- Sake Kruk and Henk Peters
- Publication Date:
- 06-2018
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- The Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) is a certification initiative which aims to promote responsible aquaculture. Oxfam regards ASC as an initiative to transform the sector, but there is a need for urgent improvements on social aspects such as fair contracts for farmers, decent labor rights in the industry, and effective and transparent stakeholder consultation including farmers, workers, communities, and civil society. Currently, smallholder farmers are effectively excluded from certification, the burden of change is put on farmers rather than shared throughout the chain, and the quality and effectiveness of social impact assessments are lacking. This paper presents several recommendations on how ASC should address these issues, so that it can truly claim to promote social responsibility.
- Topic:
- Agriculture, Maritime Commerce, Sustainability, and Supply Chains
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
48. Drought, Displacement and Livelihoods in Somalia/Somaliland: Time for Gender-Sensitive and Protection-Focused Approaches
- Author:
- Emma Fanning
- Publication Date:
- 06-2018
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Thousands of Somali families were displaced to urban centres by the 2017 drought. Research by a group of NGOs indicates that they do not intend to return home anytime soon. It also shows how precarious and limited are the livelihood opportunities for displaced people in Somalia; how far people’s options are affected by gender; and how changing gender dynamics present further protection threats to both men and women. Comparing the findings for Somaliland with those for the rest of the country, the research underscores the importance of local dynamics for people’s opportunities and protection. Gaps were highlighted in the provision of basic services for women particularly. Local, state and federal authorities, donors, and humanitarian and development actors need to improve displaced people’s immediate access to safe, gender-sensitive basic services – and to develop plans for more durable solutions to displacement. As floods in April to June 2018 have forced more people to leave their homes, an immediate step up in the response is essential.
- Topic:
- Gender Issues, Displacement, NGOs, and Humanitarian Crisis
- Political Geography:
- Africa and Somalia
49. Space to be Heard: Mobilizing the Power of People to Reshape Civic Space
- Author:
- Inga Ferber, Araddhya Mehtta, Barbara Oosters, and Jo Rowlands
- Publication Date:
- 07-2018
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- The space for people to speak out, organize and take action against poverty, inequality and injustice is shrinking on a global scale. People in many countries around the world face serious restrictions and repression when exercising their basic rights. This includes citizens who raise their voices against corruption and political dysfunction, organizations that save lives and provide basic services to people in need, communities that defend their sustainable livelihoods and demand a fair share of natural resources, and activists who fight for gender justice. This paper outlines the analysis and strategic focus which inform Oxfam’s contribution to the global defence of civic space and sets out four key changes that we believe are necessary to reclaim and create it. It also gives some key principles and an open invitation to every civil society organization, donor, government, business and individual who subscribes to these same principles to join our common struggle to protect, defend and expand civic space.
- Topic:
- Corruption, Human Rights, Citizenship, and Civic Engagement
- Political Geography:
- Global Focus
50. Tailor Made: How Syrian Refugee Women are Finding their Own Way to Join the Jordanian Economy
- Author:
- Shaddin Almasri
- Publication Date:
- 08-2018
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Earning an income is a struggle for the residents of Za’atari refugee camp in Jordan, and women’s economic participation is extremely low. Oxfam initiated the Lel-Haya (For Life) project in Za’atari to build the capacities of Syrian refugee women, both in vocational training and soft skills. A small number of women involved in the project were subsequently employed by a garment factory in northern Jordan. This briefing note highlights these women’s experiences, the challenges they have faced and how they have overcome them.
- Topic:
- Gender Issues, Migration, Refugee Crisis, and Economic Development
- Political Geography:
- Middle East, Syria, and Jordan
51. One Year On: Time to Put Women and Girls at the Heart of the Rohingya Response
- Author:
- Dorothy Sang
- Publication Date:
- 09-2018
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Beginning on 25 August 2017, over 700,000 Rohingya refugees fled from Myanmar to Bangladesh seeking safety and lifesaving assistance. While safe from the violence they were subjected to in Myanmar, Rohingya women continue to face huge protection risks and challenges in Bangladesh. This briefing paper looks at how the humanitarian response, one year on, is meeting the specific needs of women and girls and what more can and should be done so that women and girls can access services, voice their concerns and hopes for the future and influence the decisions that affect their lives.
- Topic:
- Gender Issues, Migration, Water, Minorities, Refugees, Displacement, Humanitarian Crisis, and Hygiene
- Political Geography:
- Bangladesh, Asia, and Myanmar
52. Treading Water: The Worsening Water Crisis and the Gaza Reconstruction Mechanism
- Author:
- Simone Klawitter and Alison Martin
- Publication Date:
- 03-2017
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- In the wake of the devastating destruction in Gaza in 2014, the Gaza Reconstruction Mechanism (GRM) was established as a temporary measure to facilitate the entry of construction materials and a range of items classified and treated as ‘dual use’ by Israel. Two and a half years on, vital water sector recovery and development remains hampered and fully controlled by the Government of Israel, demonstrating the extent to which Israeli government policies continue to undermine humanitarian response, cause de-development and exacerbate the separation of the Gaza Strip from the rest of the Occupied Palestinian Territory and the world. This paper analyses the effectiveness of the GRM in improving access to water, health and sanitation services, assesses the roles and responsibilities of a range of actors and identifies urgent steps in relation to the GRM that should be taken to contribute to the development of a just, effective and sustainable water sector in Gaza.
- Topic:
- Development, Territorial Disputes, Water, and Infrastructure
- Political Geography:
- Middle East, Israel, Palestine, and Gaza
53. A Dangerous ‘Game’: The Pushback of Migrants, including Refugees, at Europe’s Borders
- Author:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Publication Date:
- 04-2017
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- People who are trying to access the EU in search of safety and dignity are being routinely abused by law enforcement officials in countries in the Western Balkans. State agents responsible for upholding fundamental rights are instead subjecting people to violence and intimidation and denying access to asylum procedures to those seeking international protection. Governments in the region must immediately end these violations and initiate processes to ensure safety and dignity for people on the move in their territories.
- Topic:
- Regional Cooperation, European Union, Refugee Crisis, and Leadership
- Political Geography:
- Europe
54. Making Aid To Jordan And Lebanon Work: Aid Effectiveness in Middle Income Countries Affected by Mass Displacement
- Author:
- Abi Khalil, Alexandra Saieh, and Daniel Gorevan
- Publication Date:
- 04-2017
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Jordan and Lebanon collectively make up less than one percent of the world’s economy, but host around 20 percent of the world’s refugees. Donors have recognized the scale of the challenges that this presents and acknowledged that humanitarian assistance must be supplemented with multi-year development support. This briefing note presents a preview of key findings from Oxfam-commissioned research in Lebanon and Jordan and concludes that for assistance to succeed in its aim of helping both refugees and poor host communities there is a need for increased democratic ownership, transparency and accountability in donor and government aid policies.
- Topic:
- Humanitarian Aid, Finance, Refugee Crisis, Displacement, and Middle Class
- Political Geography:
- Middle East, Lebanon, and Jordan
55. Yemen on the Brink of Famine: Forging a pathway to peace. Oxfam Fair Share Analysis April 2017
- Author:
- Larissa Alles
- Publication Date:
- 04-2017
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- The number of people in need as a result of Yemen’s conflict continues to rise, but the international aid response has failed to keep up. International donors should immediately commit to fully funding the Yemen Humanitarian Response Plan. As the tables in this briefing show, some donor governments are pulling their weight, while others are not. Aid alone, however, cannot solve Yemen’s crisis or put the country back on its feet. All sides and their international backers should stop the de-facto blockade and the conflict that are pushing Yemen towards famine.
- Topic:
- Famine, Food Security, Conflict, and Humanitarian Crisis
- Political Geography:
- Middle East, Yemen, and Persian Gulf
56. Starting with People: A Human Economy Approach to Inclusive Growth in Africa
- Author:
- Kathy Wright
- Publication Date:
- 05-2017
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- High levels of inequality across Africa have prevented much of the benefits of recent growth from reaching the continent’s poorest people. To combat inequality in Africa, political and business leaders have to shape a profoundly different type of economy. It must start with the needs of Africa’s women and young people for good quality sustainable jobs, rather than the needs of the richest and of foreign investors. Leaders must use economic policy, taxation policy and social spending to build a human economy for Africa.
- Topic:
- Poverty, Inequality, Economy, Tax Systems, Sustainability, and Inclusion
- Political Geography:
- Africa
57. On the Brink: As Famine Looms, World Leaders Must Say Up and Deliver Political Solutions to Save Lives
- Author:
- Shannon Scribner
- Publication Date:
- 05-2017
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- As famine takes hold in South Sudan and threatens to spread to northeastern Nigeria, Somalia, and Yemen, world leaders must immediately step up to fully fund the United Nations’ appeal for $6.3 billion. Of this amount, $4.9 billion is urgently needed by July for critical assistance, including health, food, nutrition, and water. If lives are to be saved, humanitarian agencies must be able to rapidly scale up and access people in need. World leaders must not walk away from key meetings, such as the Group of Seven Taormina Summit in Italy and the Group of Twenty Hamburg Summit in Germany, without taking action to increase funding, improve access, resolve conflict and insecurity, and ensure that emergency relief is coupled with long-term approaches to building resilience in affected countries.
- Topic:
- International Cooperation, United Nations, Famine, Food Security, and Leadership
- Political Geography:
- Africa, Middle East, Yemen, Nigeria, Somalia, and South Sudan
58. The AIIB’s Energy Opportunity: How the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank’s Energy Lending Can Chart a New Path of Sustainable Development
- Author:
- Kiri Hanks
- Publication Date:
- 06-2017
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- The new Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) will be a major new funder of infrastructure in developing Asia, where demand for power is growing faster than any other region in the world. Done right, its energy lending could promote an inclusive and sustainable Asian energy transition. This report sets out a vision for an AIIB partnership with the region’s most climate-vulnerable countries. This could forge a new path of economic development and confirm a new era of Southern climate leadership.
- Topic:
- Climate Change, Environment, Natural Resources, Infrastructure, Sustainable Development Goals, Fossil Fuels, and Paris Agreement
- Political Geography:
- Asia and Global South
59. Dear Family: How European migration policies are keeping families apart
- Author:
- Angeliki Nika
- Publication Date:
- 06-2017
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- In 2015, nearly a million people crossed the Aegean fleeing persecution or seeking a better life. Many of these people made perilous journeys to reunite with family members. The lack of accessible, safe and regular routes for family reunification has resulted in thousands of people taking dangerous journeys, making them vulnerable to abuse and exploitation at the hands of smugglers and traffickers. European migration policies put in place to prevent irregular migration into Europe make it likely that families will be separated and make it difficult for them to reunite. Many people in Greece that remain separated from loved ones in another EU member state are increasingly desperate to reunite with them. Most have been stranded in Greece for over a year, trying to navigate the asylum system and family reunification procedures. This report identifies the impact of European migration policies on family unity and the wellbeing of people stranded in Greece. It is based on a series of focus group discussions and key informant interviews conducted in Greece between February and May 2017. The report calls on the governments of Greece and other EU member states to protect the right to family life of refugees and anyone who applies for international protection.
- Topic:
- Migration, Regional Cooperation, European Union, Refugee Crisis, and Displacement
- Political Geography:
- Europe
60. Still Looking for Safety: Voices of Refugees from Syria on Solutions for the Present and Future
- Author:
- Amy Keith and Nour Shawaf
- Publication Date:
- 06-2017
- Content Type:
- Policy Brief
- Institution:
- Oxfam Publishing
- Abstract:
- Syrian refugees and Palestine refugees from Syria have fled their homes in search of safety. But Oxfam’s 2017 research revealed that most people interviewed do not consider that they have found complete safety and protection in Lebanon. Refugees’ views on what constitutes ‘safety’ are individual and subjective. This paper argues that the international community and host governments should not make decisions for refugees about what or where is ‘safe’, but instead should support refugees to find safety in the present, and determine their futures for themselves.
- Topic:
- Migration, Refugees, Displacement, and Humanitarian Crisis
- Political Geography:
- Middle East, Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, and Syria