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2. Governmentality and Good Governance: Structural Functional Study of Pakistan Polity
- Author:
- Rafida Nawaz, Syed Hussain Murtaza, and Muqarab Akbar
- Publication Date:
- 07-2021
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- South Asian Studies
- Institution:
- Department of Political Science, University of the Punjab
- Abstract:
- Postcolonial polities are marred with governance dilemma due to plethora of factors from lack of resources to flawed administrative structures; diffused roles and structures with a bend to authoritarianism; corruption to ineffectiveness for provision of welfare services for population; curbing freedoms to military interventions leading to crisis of governance. Michel Foucault theoretical approach of governmentality with its three pillars i.e. who will govern, how will govern and what is meant by governance is an effective tool to provide an insight in structural functional revisionist analysis of working of such polities. The methodological approach of paper is to cluster three important concepts, i.e. governmentality-structural-functional analysis and the concept of good governance encompassing hexagonal study of six important indicators, i.e. voice and accountability, political stability, effective governance, regulatory capability, Rule of Law and Control of Corruption. As different IGO‘s evaluate countries performance on basis of these indicators, the study will take account of Pakistan performance on good governance indicators and try to find the answer of why questions by a structural functional analysis of governmentality at play in Pakistan. The performance flaws of Pakistani state are direct result of diffused and overlapping governance roles and structures; collaborative rule of non-representative institutions like military and judiciary and their intervention in governance.
- Topic:
- Governance, Political structure, Judiciary, Military, and Administration
- Political Geography:
- Pakistan and South Asia
3. The Legislative Capacity of a Small-State Parliament: An Analysis of the Parliament of Bhutan
- Author:
- Gerard W. Horgan
- Publication Date:
- 05-2020
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Journal of Bhutan Studies
- Institution:
- Centre for Bhutan & GNH Studies (CBS)
- Abstract:
- As part of its decades-long transition from absolute- to constitutional- monarchy, the Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan in 2008 established a new, bicameral, parliament. Very little analysis has been conducted on this institution; this article begins to fill this lacuna by investigating the legislative potential of the parliament, and placing it in the comparative context of parliaments in other ‘small’ states. Embracing Arter’s distinction among studies of legislative capacity, operation and performance, the article pursues the former, using aspects of Lijphart’s work as an organizational framework. The analysis reveals a first chamber designed along majoritarian lines, and which, due to its small size, cannot be expected to exhibit great legislative capacity. However, it also reveals a second chamber that, while small, is both ‘symmetrical’ and ‘incongruent’, and that therefore greatly enhances the overall legislative capacity of the parliament, and boosts its comparative position among parliaments of small states.
- Topic:
- Governance, Legislation, and Parliament
- Political Geography:
- South Asia and Bhutan
4. Freedom of Expression and Justiciability in Pakistan
- Author:
- H.S. Sharif and Jafar Riaz Kataria
- Publication Date:
- 01-2019
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- South Asian Studies
- Institution:
- Department of Political Science, University of the Punjab
- Abstract:
- This paper would discuss freedom of expression and restrictions on the freedom with particular reference to the provisions of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the „Justiciability Doctrine‟ as enshrined in the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR). The question whether the freedom of expression claims are justiciable or not, in third world countries like Pakistan and how it helps in the advancement of rule of law and good governance would be explored. The focus would be on the cultural relativism narrative developed ever since the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). The claims of „Universalism‟ associated with human rights especially freedom of expression would be criticized with respect to the Margin of Appreciation Doctrine as reflected in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and adopted in other jurisdictions. Freedom of expression and the rights of minorities in Pakistan would be discussed with a special mention of proselytization and forced conversions. Lastly, the role of legislation and judiciary in Pakistan for the protection and advancement of the freedom of expression guarantee would be discussed.
- Topic:
- Human Rights, Governance, Culture, Freedom of Expression, and Rule of Law
- Political Geography:
- Pakistan, South Asia, and Punjab
5. Role of Youth in the Promotion of Good Governance in Pakistan
- Author:
- Sarwat Rauf
- Publication Date:
- 12-2019
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Journal of Political Studies
- Institution:
- Department of Political Science, University of the Punjab
- Abstract:
- This paper aims to examine the role of youth in the promotion of good governance in Pakistan. It highlights the importance of youth for Pakistan‟s development. Almost 60% of the country‟s population is young and they have the potential to bring prosperity and good governance. The development of Pakistan is in the hands of the country's energetic and talented youth. However, fewer opportunities, the dearth of proper supervision and lack of capacity to absorb true/untrue information are misguiding them. Very few of our youngsters know the technique to utilize time and positive energies excellently. This paper focuses that psychologically vulnerable youth can be an easy prey of criminals. Today, the problem of our large number of youngsters is, they are with no work and their energies are turning into destruction and crimes. In this backdrop, this study endeavors to find the answer that how we can provide the right avenues to our youngsters to excel. The societal pressures and depression are causes of drug addiction in the teenagers. Thus, systemic involvement of youth is needed to build strong Pakistan; for this youth must be cognizant of national and international changes. In this regard, parenting plays important role. Moreover, for character building, educational institutions and media are effective tools. The formation of career counseling centers to guide our youth is indispensable. Without the training of today‟s youth, we cannot expect renowned scientists, engineers and future political leaders. Overall, it is focused that training/ counseling and employment opportunities must be prioritized so that intolerance and violence in the society can be curbed.
- Topic:
- Development, Governance, Youth, and Society
- Political Geography:
- Pakistan and South Asia
6. Placement of Pakistani Women during Democratic Regimes: 1988-2018
- Author:
- Shehzadi Zamurrad Awan
- Publication Date:
- 07-2018
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- South Asian Studies
- Institution:
- Department of Political Science, University of the Punjab
- Abstract:
- On women issues, the response of democratically elected governments of Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarian (PPPP) and Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz (PML-N), remained vague and noncommittal. Both parties in their manifestos for general elections, vowed to take steps for women socio-economic and political empowerment. However, after assuming power, these parties could not fullfill their promises. They could neither enact appropriate legislation on women issues nor they repealed or amended gender discriminatory Hudood Ordinance of Zia-ul-Haq. More so, these two leading parties failed to restore the expired women quota in National and Provincial Assemblies, resulting in insufficient representation in the legislative bodies. Nevertheless, in comparison with conservative PML (N), the expectations from a liberal Benazir Bhutto to enforce pro-women policies was more promising. Both parties formed coalition governments, thus remained incapacitated to enact women related laws. Furthermore, they were confronted with orthodoxy within and outside the legislative bodies, posing challenges to their political agendas. Nonetheless, the last two tenures of both parties marked a little difference in their approach towards women issues, resulting in some serious legislation, targeting women problems in socio-economic and political domains. It is imperative to say that the effectiveness of these newly in-placed women related laws and policies has yet to bring change in society as their proper implementation and required institutionalization is in its infancy stage.
- Topic:
- Gender Issues, Governance, Elections, Women, and Legislation
- Political Geography:
- Pakistan, South Asia, and Punjab
7. Compatibility between Islam and Democracy
- Author:
- Khalid Manzoor Butt and Naeema Siddiqui
- Publication Date:
- 07-2018
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- South Asian Studies
- Institution:
- Department of Political Science, University of the Punjab
- Abstract:
- The word 'Islamic Republic' is debatable among scholars as what meaning and role the word 'Islam' adds to the republic is still not agreed upon. Therefore, there is a need for resolving this ambiguity by explicitly defining and explaining the meaning and role of Islam in an Islamic Republic. Pakistan, too, is an Islamic Republic, which got the name 'Islamic Republic of Pakistan' for the first time in the constitution of 1956. This study intends to comprehend the mentioned issue by highlighting the similarities and differences between democracy and Islamic system of governance. In this qualitative study, iterative analysis of semi-structured interviews of ten doctorate scholars is carried out. The study comes across primary contradictions between the two systems and gives a way out for a system having characteristics of both Islam and democracy.
- Topic:
- Human Rights, Islam, Religion, History, Governance, Democracy, and State
- Political Geography:
- Pakistan, South Asia, and Punjab
8. Interpreting the GNH Determinants From Health Policy Perspective: A Guide for Health Policy Makers
- Author:
- Gyambo Sithey, Jayendra Sharma, Tandi Dorji, Anne-Marie, and Mu Li
- Publication Date:
- 03-2018
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Journal of Bhutan Studies
- Institution:
- Centre for Bhutan & GNH Studies (CBS)
- Abstract:
- Gross National Happiness (GNH) is a developmental philosophy which aims to strike a balance between material and non-material values, prioritizing the happiness and well-being of all sentient beings. The objective of GNH is to achieve a holistic, sustainable and balanced form of development by considering a range of domains each of which makes a vital contribution to happiness. The domains are living standard, good governance, education, health, ecology diversity, community resilience, time use & balance and psychological well-being. The concept of GNH was introduced in 1972. Over the period of 45 years, two national GNH surveys (2010 and 2015) were conducted. GNH transitioned from developmental philosophy to policy formulation tool. The GNH Index, GNH domains, GNH indicators, GNH determinants and GNH Policy Screening Tool (GNH-PST) all assist in policy formulation and policy screening (Table 1).
- Topic:
- Development, Governance, Health Care Policy, and Gross National Happiness (GNH)
- Political Geography:
- South Asia and Bhutan
9. A Multiple Streams Explanation of Pakistan’s Climate Change Policy
- Author:
- Warda Ajaz
- Publication Date:
- 07-2017
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- Journal of Political Studies
- Institution:
- Department of Political Science, University of the Punjab
- Abstract:
- Despite having minimal contribution to the global carbon emissions, Pakistan is considered to be one of the most vulnerable countries to the catastrophes of climate change. The country experienced back-to-back super floods in 2010 and 2011. In 2010 alone, the floods inundated 20 percent of the country and displaced some 20 million people, making it the biggest human displacement caused by a single climate-induced event in the history(Ministry of Climate Change, 2012). In the wake of these disasters, the Government of Pakistan established the world’s first full-fledged National Ministry of Climate Change and approved a National Policy on Climate Change in 2012. In this context, this paper applies a Multiple Streams lens to understand the agenda-setting process that prompted the development and approval of this policy. The paper will first discuss Pakistan’s vulnerability to climate change and the relevant literature on climate change agenda setting, and will then explore how various facts and events fit into the three streams of Multiple Streams Framework to account for the agenda-setting process that led to development and approval of the national climate change policy.
- Topic:
- Climate Change, Natural Disasters, Governance, and Flood
- Political Geography:
- Pakistan and South Asia
10. Democratic Peace, Pakistan-India relations and the possibilities of economic cooperation in South Asia
- Author:
- Ahmed Ijaz Malik
- Publication Date:
- 01-2016
- Content Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal:
- South Asian Studies
- Institution:
- Department of Political Science, University of the Punjab
- Abstract:
- The relevance of theory of democratic peace to the case of Pakistan has been a topic of discourse in western academia, as Pakistan struggles to develop democratically and subsequently regarding its efforts to minimise the chances of war and maximising the possibilities of economic cooperation with its adversary India, therefore contributing towards possible regional economic development in South Asia. Considering the significant aspect at the core of these issues the focus of this article is primarily on the Pakistan’s domestic factors playing a significant role in its foreign policy making. Regarding foreign policy vis-a-vis India, the diplomatic and militarystrategic engagement over the issue of Kashmir remains pertinent. Broadly the analysis of these issues shall be accomplished by focussing on the governments of Pakistan Muslim League – Nawaz group PML (N) from the post-second martial law years (1985 onwards) till the most recent elections in 2013. Considering the history of electoral politics in Pakistan, PML (N) has been inclined towards introducing advanced economic and developmental reforms in Pakistan therefore may be regarded as favouring economically liberal reforms. In order to ascertain the role of democracy as a form of governance in affecting the foreign policy making and conflict resolution, the interactions of these PML (N) governments with their Indian counterparts, on the issue of Kashmir shall be examined. This also contributes to the assumption at the core of democratic peace theory that as Pakistan evolves democratically, the chances of peace and economic cooperation in South Asia may be maximised. Therefore this article engages with the themes of separation of powers and problems of governance, different types of governments and regimes, civil-military relations, and possibilities of peace between historical adversaries through domestic economic progress and regional trade and cooperation. Moreover, in the South Asian perspective, it includes the liberal and internationalist discourses that expect regional economic blocks to develop in South Asia supported and guided by economically, financially and strategically advanced states.
- Topic:
- Foreign Policy, Economics, History, Bilateral Relations, Governance, and Peacekeeping
- Political Geography:
- Pakistan, South Asia, India, and Punjab